RESPONSES OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS TO SEX PHEROMONE RELEASED FROM FILTER PAPER AND RUBBER SEPTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractThe behavioral responses of male spruce budworm moths to a wide range of loadings of synthetic sex pheromone on filter paper and rubber septa were investigated in a wind tunnel. The highest proportion of males flying upwind and reaching filter-paper dispensers occurred at pheromone loadings of between 0.1 and 10 μg. Above these loadings, males were activated but upwind flight was arrested before the moths reached the pheromone source. No such arrestment occurred with rubber septa up to the maximum loading assayed, 1 mg. Up to 72% of the males that reached a septum attempted to copulate with it, but even this response was less than that to a septum in the presence of pheromone emitted by females. This confirms previous conclusions that the synthetic pheromone blend used here, 95:5 (E:Z-11-tetradecenal) is incomplete.

RESPONSES OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SEX PHEROMONE AS MEASURED IN A SUSTAINED-FLIGHT WIND TUNNEL

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders ◽  
G. S. Lucuik ◽  
R. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pheromone Plume ◽  
Natural Pheromone

AbstractResponses were recorded of male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) exposed to natural pheromone and a wide range of concentrations of synthetic pheromone in an all-glass wind tunnel equipped with a moving, patterned ceiling. The numbers of males wing-fanning and plume-following decreased with decreasing concentration of the pheromone plume. Speed of upwind flight with the ceiling stationary increased with decreasing concentration, but the durations of flight sustained by moving the ceiling were not significantly different under the different concentrations.Males exposed to pheromone produced by calling females showed a higher incidence of plume-following, and flew significantly faster, than males exposed to a similar concentration of synthetic pheromone.

EFFECT OF PHEROMONE PERMEATION ON SUSTAINED FLIGHT OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Pheromone Plumes

AbstractFlight durations of male spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), that were locked-on to pheromone plumes from female moths were measured in a wind tunnel. Flight was sustained by use of a movable patterned ceiling. The longest sustained flight was 53 min. The effects of different background concentrations of synthetic pheromone were tested by surrounding the female moths with rubber septa loaded with synthetic pheromone. The duration of sustained flights decreased as the concentration of background synthetic pheromone increased, but at all concentrations some males persisted in orientated flight for 10 min or longer.

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE ON MATING DISRUPTION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS IN A WIND TUNNEL

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Sensory Fatigue ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

AbstractMale spruce budworm moths were kept in a wind tunnel for 4 days and assayed each day to determine their ability to locate calling females that were surrounded by rubber septa loaded with synthetic pheromone, a 95:5 blend of E:Z-11-tetradecenal. As the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, the numbers of males successfully locating females decreased, the latency of response increased, and the speed of flight decreased. At release rates from the septa close to those of a calling female, 6–60 ng/h per septum, most disrupted males flew to a septum instead of the females. At the highest release rate tested, 600 ng/h, many males were inactive or flew to the sides of the tunnel, which indicates sensory fatigue. This effect was more pronounced among males that were continuously exposed to the synthetic pheromone for the 4 days than among males kept in pheromone-free air between assays. About a quarter of the males died or became unable to fly after the 4 days, but there was no change in the proportions of the different responses of males, or in their response times, with increasing age, nor was there evidence that males were conditioned by their experience on previous days. The results led to the conclusion that time-averaged atmospheric concentrations of the synthetic pheromone as high as 20 ng/m3 are necessary to achieve effective disruption of the orientation of male spruce budworm moths to calling female moths.

Attraction of male Mayetiola thujae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to the sex-pheromone blend of (2S,12S)-, (2S,13S)-, and (2S,14S)-diacetoxyheptadecane is reduced in the presence of the SR- or RR-stereoisomers

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
Regine Gries ◽  
Robb G. Bennett ◽  
Grigori Khaskin ◽  
Gerhard Gries
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Sex Pheromone Blend ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractIn a field trapping experiment in an abandoned seed orchard of western red-cedar, Thuja plicata Donn × D. Don, in British Columbia, we show that attraction of male red-cedar cone midges, Mayetiola thujae (Hedlin), to the pheromone blend (2S,12S)-, (2S,13S)-, and (2S,14S)-diacetoxyheptadecane is reduced in the presence of a blend of all other stereoisomers, or of the three SR- or RR-stereoisomers. The three RS-stereoisomers, in contrast, had no significant effect. Thus, synthetic pheromone for monitoring M. thujae populations must not contain the SR- or RR-stereoisomers of 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane. This result will allow development of a less expensive design for synthesizing the pheromone.

EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL INFECTION LEVELS OF NOSEMA SP. ON THE PHEROMONE-MEDIATED BEHAVIOR OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
J.A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Antennal Response ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone

AbstractWestern spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, adult males were observed in a wind tunnel for their response to synthetic sex pheromone and subsequently examined to determine their degree of infection with a microsporidian parasite, Nosema sp. A subsample of C. occidentalis was randomly selected and electroantennograms (EAG) of individual moths were measured for response to pheromone. The Nosema infection level ranged from 0 to 21.8 × 106 spores per milligram and was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of males wing-fanning, taking off, and flying upwind to contact the pheromone source. The level of Nosema infection and the amplitude of the antennal response (EAG) to pheromone were not significantly related. These results suggest that Nosema affects the response of C. occidentalis males to pheromone in some way other than directly reducing the sensitivity of the antennae. We hypothesize that sublethal infections of Nosema sp. may reduce mating success of the western spruce budworm in field populations.

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