UTILIZATION OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ALARM PHEROMONE AS A PREY-FINDING KAIROMONE BY PREDATORS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Teerling ◽  
D.R. Gillespie ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Dodecyl Acetate ◽  
Amblyseius Cucumeris ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Decyl Acetate

AbstractThe alarm pheromone of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is present in the droplet of anal fluid produced by second-instar nymphs when attacked by predators. Because the anal droplet is used in defense against arthropod predators, it was hypothesized that the alarm pheromone (decyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate) acts as a defensive allomone. This hypothesis was refuted by the demonstration that two predators use the pheromone as a prey-finding kairomone. On a leaf arena, Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) increased its rate of turning in response to the pheromone, and spent 25% of its time within 5 mm of a pheromone source. When given a choice between connected leaf discs containing a pheromone- or solvent-treated wick, Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) spent a greater proportion of time on the pheromone-containing disc, suggesting an arrestment effect.

Identification and bioactivity of alarm pheromone in the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Teerling ◽  
H. D. Pierce ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
D. R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips

COMPETITION BETWEEN ORIUS TRISTICOLOR (WHITE) (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) AND AMBLYSEIUS CUCUMERIS (OUDEMANS) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) FEEDING ON FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS (PERGANDE) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gillespie ◽  
D.J.M. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Amblyseius Cucumeris ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

AbstractThe competition between Orius tristicoior (White) and Amblyseius cucumeris (Oude-mans), both preying on western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentaiis (Pergande), was assessed. On single leaves in smail cages, mortality of A. cucumeris due to O. tristicoior was inversely proportional to thrips density; thrips mortality due to O. tristicoior was unaffected by A. cucumeris density. The proportion of A. cucumeris in the prey eaten was consistently less than its proportion in the prey initially available, both when thrips density varied and when A. cucumeris density varied. These relationships held for both immature and adult thrips. These results suggest that O. tristicoior and A. cucumeris could be used simultaneously for biological control of western flower thrips in greenhouse vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielza ◽  
V. Quinto ◽  
C. Grávalos ◽  
E. Fernández ◽  
J. Abellán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.

Virus Decline of Strawberry in California and the Role of Insect Vectors and Associated Viruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Purple Coloration

Greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), are common pests of strawberries in California and are vectors of one or more viruses. Most of the viruses transmitted by these vectors do not cause symptoms on strawberry when the infection occurs individually. However, when one of the viruses (Beet pseudoyellows virus or Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus) transmitted by T. vaporariorum is present along with one of the viruses transmitted by F. occidentalis, C. fragaefolii, or other sources, it results in a virus decline of strawberry, which can cause significant crop losses. Stunted root and plant growth, purple coloration of foliage, and dieback of the plant are some of the symptoms associated with virus decline. Increases in T. vaporariorum infestations during the past few years significantly elevated the risk of whitefly as a crop pest and a disease vector. This article reviews virus decline of strawberry, symptoms of infection, and the current status of insect vectors in California strawberries. Accepted for publication 17 November 2015. Published 20 November 2015.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document