The role of education and educational–occupational mismatches in decisions regarding commuting and interregional migration from eastern to western Germany

SummaryThis is the first study of the link between internationalization and firm survival during the 2008/2009 crisis in Germany, a country which was hit relatively lightly compared to other countries. Moreover, it is the first study which looks at the role of importing, exporting and FDI simultaneously in the context of a global economic recession. We use a tailor-made representative dataset that covers all enterprises from the manufacturing sector with at least 20 employees. Our most striking result is to demonstrate the disadvantage of exporting for the chances of survival of a firm during the crisis in western Germany. Importing instead reveals a positive correlation with survival and firms that both export and import do not show a different exit risk relative to non-traders. A plausible explanation is that in a global recession, deteriorating markets abroad cause demand losses for exporters and improved conditions on factor markets which result in an advantage for firms sourcing from factor markets abroad. Two-way traders do not show a link with exit risk, supporting the idea that they were able to outweigh their losses from exporting with their gains from importing, in what could be called an export-import hedge. Furthermore, we cannot support the hypothesis that foreign multinationals are more volatile during times of economic crisis.

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DETERMINANTS OF INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS: THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE ITALIAN CASE*

Manchester School ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9957.2012.02300.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 525-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MARIANGELA BONASIA ◽

ORESTE NAPOLITANO

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Interregional Migration ◽

Italian Case ◽

Migration Flows

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Seasonal Prevalence of Lyme Disease Spirochetes in a Heterothermic Mammal, the Edible Dormouse (Glis glis)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00251-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 3615-3621 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joanna Fietz ◽

Jürgen Tomiuk ◽

Franz-Rainer Matuschka ◽

Dania Richter

Keyword(s):

Lyme Disease ◽

Reservoir Host ◽

Glis Glis ◽

Content Type ◽

Transmission Cycle ◽

Western Germany ◽

Edible Dormice ◽

Study Sites ◽

Reservoir Hosts

ABSTRACTIn Europe, dormice serve as competent reservoir hosts for particular genospecies of the tick-borne agent of Lyme disease (LD) and seem to support them more efficiently than do mice or voles. The longevity of edible dormice (Glis glis) and their attractiveness for ticks may result in a predominance of LD spirochetes in ticks questing in dormouse habitats. To investigate the role of edible dormice in the transmission cycle of LD spirochetes, we sampled skin tissue from the ear pinnae of dormice inhabiting five different study sites in south western Germany. Of 501 edible dormice, 12.6% harbored DNA of LD spirochetes. Edible dormice were infected most frequently with the pathogenic LD spirocheteBorrelia afzelii. The DNA ofB. gariniiandB. bavariensiswas detected in ca. 0.5% of the examined individuals. No spirochetal DNA was detectable in the skin of edible dormice until July, 6 weeks after they generally start to emerge from their obligate hibernation. Thereafter, the prevalence of spirochetal DNA in edible dormice increased during the remaining period of their 4 to 5 months of activity, reaching nearly 40% in September. Males were more than four times more likely to harbor LD spirochetes than females, and yearlings were almost twice more likely to be infected than adults. The seasonality of the prevalence of LD spirochetes in edible dormice was pronounced and may affect their role as a reservoir host in respect to other hosts.

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Between the flake and the blade: Associated systems of production at Riparo Tagliente (Veneto, northern Italy)

Journal of Lithic Studies ◽

10.2218/jls.v4i1.1842 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo Carmignani

Keyword(s):

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Lithic Assemblages ◽

Western Germany ◽

State Of Research ◽

Italian Context ◽

Complex Scenario ◽

Evolutionary Continuity ◽

Mis 5 ◽

Blade Production

The Riparo Tagliente site (Verona, Italy) shows three macro phases in which high technological variability can be observed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the specific role of the Middle Paleolithic blade production within this variability. Preliminary results show a complex scenario in which the role of the blade is strictly linked with flake production through mixed reduction systems. Two different approaches were used for analysing the lithic assemblages from the site. The first analysis focused on the identification of the reduction systems by determining the techniques, methods and concepts underlying the entire chaîne opératoire. The second approach concentrated on analysing blade production in order to identify its variability. Evidence of blade technology from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 8-6) has been found in northern Europe (France, Belgium). Later, during MIS 5 blades can be found over a larger area, this time also including north-western Germany and the central-southern part of France. A third period (MIS 4-3) marks the appearance of laminar production in southern Europe, including in the Italian peninsula. Based on the present state of research these three phases appear to be on-and-off events without clear evolutionary continuity. By repositioning the sequence of Riparo Tagliente within the Italian context we can observe that at the end of the Mousterian period the technological patterns differ greatly, with laminar production being one of its most evident expressions. The origin of this fragmentation is questionable.

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From an Alternative to a Precarious Family Form? The Changing Role of Education in Nonmarital Childbearing in Germany

Swiss Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1515/sjs-2017-0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 611-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dirk Konietzka ◽

Michaela Kreyenfeld

Keyword(s):

Nonmarital Childbearing ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Family Form ◽

Western Germany ◽

German Microcensus ◽

Nonmarital Births ◽

Changing Role ◽

Marital Union ◽

Do So

Abstract This paper examines the association of education and family forms based on data of the German microcensus 1996–2012. The investigation shows that highly educated women in western Germany had a higher probability of living in a nonmarital instead of a marital union. With an increase in the share of nonmarital births, the association has reversed. Likewise, the highly educated couples were initially the vanguards of living in nonmarital unions with children, but they are nowadays the least likely to do so. Patterns differ between eastern and western Germany, though.

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Effects of riparian woody vegetation on EPT functional connectivity in Western Germany

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Peredo Arce ◽

Martin Palt ◽

Martin Schletterer ◽

Jochem Kail

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Riparian Vegetation ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Landscape Connectivity ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Western Germany

In the degraded European landscapes riparian corridors had have become key features to maintain connectivity between habitat patches for multitude of organisms. This role of riparian forests has been assessed from the purely structural point of view, to complex models specific for particular species or groups of species, from mammals to plants, from endangered to invasive species.Dispersion is a key part of the lifecycle of EPTs (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) as they live most of their lives as aquatic juveniles, being drifted downstream, and disperse back upstream when they become short-lived winged adults. These three families of aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as bioindicators because of their sensitivity to water pollution and habitat degradation, but little is known about how the riparian vegetation impacts their ability to disperse and recolonize. For example, riparian vegetation could help EPTs dispersion by protecting them from harsh weather conditions, or by helping them to orientate themselves by changing how the reflexion of the light on the water polarises.Nevertheless, connectivity is not the only driver of the EPT community as other parameters can have a direct effect on the community composition. For example, water pollution is an important driver of the freshwater macroinvertebrate community and in locations where pollution is high is not expected to find almost any EPTs individual regardless of the landscape connectivity. Furthermore, other landscape features can hinder the role of riparian forests as corridors for being a barrier to EPT dispersion, like dams or coniferous forests.In this study we compare the EPT communities on 120 pairs of sites, each pair located in the same river at 1 to 5 km distance, with different riparian vegetation conditions in Western Germany. The communities are characterised by their overall dispersion capacity using the Species Flying Propensity index (Sarremejane et al. 2017). The riparian vegetation is identified using areal images in the 10 meters and 30 meters buffer from the river.We expect that riparian forest fragmentation will directly impact functional connectivity, and therefore, in locations with less fragmented riparian forests the EPT community will be mainly composed by weak dispersers (and vice versa). Nevertheless, covariates that can impact or mask this effect were taken into account: catchment land use, saprobic pollution, naturalness, hidromorphological hydromorphological degradation and also other features as coniferous forests or dams.

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