Acacia karroo in Southern Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Acacia Karroo ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation

Reasons for adopting the name  Acacia karroo Hayne are considered and the nomen­clature and synonymy are dealt with. A broad description of the species is provided. The relationship of  A. karroo to the closely related  A. seyal Del.,  A. hockii De Wilid. and the glandular podded  Acacia species is mentioned.  Acacia karroo Hayne, which is the most  widespread  Acacia in southern Africa, is an extremely variable species which occupies a diverse range of habitats. The range of variation within  A. karroo,  and in particular in Natal, is considered. At least six entities are recognizable within  A. karroo in Natal. The nature and range of variation within these entities is considered. No infraspecific categories are recognized within  A. karroo.

A Variant of Acacia karroo from Sekukuniland

Bothalia ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Acacia Karroo ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acacia Gerrardii ◽  
Range Of Variation

The relationship of some densely pubescent specimens from Sekukuniland in the eastern Transvaal to  Acacia gerrardii Benth. and to  A. karroo Hayne is discussed. The specimens were found to represent part of the range of variation of  A. karroo. A map showing the known distribution of the densely pubescent plants is provided.

Studies in the Justicia and Siphonoglossa (Acanthaceae) species of southern Africa: final conclusions

Bothalia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Immelman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Short Note ◽  
African Species ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Surface Micromorphology ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inflorescence Type

On the basis of seed surface micromorphology, pollen and inflorescence type, as well as characters of the capsule, seven sections can be distinguished in the southern African species of Justicia. The relationship of these to the sections recognised by Graham is discussed. A key to the sections and a synopsis of their main distinguishing characters are presented. One new section, sect. Minima lmmelman, is described. A short note on the generic position of the Siphonoglossa species of the region, following on from a previous paper, is also given.

Variation in Cephalometric Reference Lines

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Foster ◽  
A. P. Howat ◽  
P. J. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Head Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation

The use of intracephalic reference lines in cephalometric assessment is valid only if these lines bear some constant relationship to the true horizontal and to each other. Otherwise, the use of a true horizontal would give the benefit that cephalometric assessment would be based on the same standards as clinical judgment. In using a true horizontal, however, the radiograph must be taken with the head in a reproducible natural posture. A study was carried out to assess the reproducibility of a natural head posture using a simple positioning method in a standard cephalostat, and to assess the variation in the relationship of the sella-nasion, Frankfort, maxillary and mandibular reference lines, to a true horizontal and to each other. Though in their mean inclinations the Frankfort and the maxillary reference lines were almost parallel to each other and to the true horizontal, the range of variation for all the reference lines was considerable. The range of variation in the reference lines was greater than the error of reproduction of head position, and the range of variation of the slope of the mandibular line was no greater than that for the slope of each of the other three lines. The sella-nasion line was reproduced more accurately that the other reference lines, using a digitizer. The possibilities of a simple cephalometric analysis based on a true horizontal are outlined.

The effect of colour on trap- and screen-orientated responses in Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽  
Colour Discrimination ◽  
Spectral Reflectivity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Biconical Traps ◽  
Glossina Palpalis ◽  
Trapping Devices

AbstractThe importance of colour in the attraction of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) to trapping devices was investigated in the Ivory Coast. Biconical traps were tested with the normally royal blue lower cone replaced with one of 25 differently coloured cloths. Royal blues were consistently the best colours for traps; yellow and orange were the worst, catching less than 1% as many as the best royal blue. Modelling trap data from the spectral reflectivities of the colours used showed that blue wavelengths contributed positively, and ultraviolet and green-yellow-red negatively, to trap performance. The responses to screens were studied using electric nets, deployed to catch flies both circling around and landing on the screen. The overall catch (of circling and landing flies) was greatest for royal blue screens, intermediate for yellow and green ones, and lowest for screens highly reflective of ultraviolet light; the total range of variation between colours was much smaller than was the case with traps. The relationship of catch to spectral reflectivity was similar to that described for trap score. An achromatic series of screens (black, white and greys) all attracted significantly fewer females than did royal blue screens, implying that attraction to blue depends on colour discrimination and not on intensity contrasts alone. For most colours, the majority of flies circled the screen without landing; with materials strongly reflecting ultraviolet, however, a high proportion of flies (especially females) landed.

scholarly journals Karl Barth’s understanding of Christian Baptism as a basis for a conversation on the praxis of Sacraments in the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rothney S. Tshaka ◽  
Tshepo Lephakga
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Infant Baptism ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is an initial attempt to bring the subject of baptism and to a lesser extent infant baptism in particular, as demonstrated in Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics, into a conversation with the practice of this phenomenon in African Reformed churches in South Africa, specifically the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA). Whilst the Roman Catholic and Reformed traditions regarding the sacraments differ significantly in the understanding of this subject, this article will examine Barth’s understanding of baptism. This is done by critically examining key themes in his Church Dogmatics. The praxis of the sacraments and especially that of baptism continue to be a praxis that is highly venerated in African Reformed theological circles. This is so because it is believed that symbolism continues to occupy centre stage in African Reformed churches. In a sense therefore it seems that the African Reformed Christian leans more towards a Roman Catholic understanding of this sacrament. Is that perhaps true? Essentially this conversation will explore the relationship of faith to baptism and how this impacts on infant baptism for instance.

The Linguistic Prehistory of Southern Africa: Bush, Kwadi, Hottentot, and Bantu Linguistic Relationships

Africa ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. J. Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Opening ParagraphThe languages dealt with in this paper are Bush ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, and ‘D’, Kwadi, Hottentot, and about 20 Bantu language groups, comprising more than 50 distinct dialects. It is concerned with pre-Bantu history and the Bush, Kwadi, and Hottentot languages, but material on Bantu is included for the following reasons: (a) The information relevant to a discussion of the peopling of Southern Africa by Bantu-speaking peoples is scattered in the available literature or is not available at all, and, (b) Bantu traditional lore has something to say on the subject of pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of Southern Africa, and there must therefore be some evaluation of the relationship of modern and early Bantu languages and an attempt must be made to define their recent and early traditional language areas.

Composing simulation architectures for autonomic systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
ALUN BUTLER ◽  
MOH IBRAHIM ◽  
KEITH RENNOLLS ◽  
LIZ BACON
Keyword(s):  
System State ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Autonomic Systems ◽  
Dynamic Deployment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Simulation has long played a part in testing new configurations and new functionality in a diverse range of software. Through such simulations, the boundaries of the system state are explored and the relationship of that state to other applications tested — sometimes to destruction. A critical differentiator between a simulation and a live, deployed application is that simulations are allowed to fail. As truly autonomous applications evolve, this capacity for simulation must be built in from the ground up or the benefits of experience — including the ability to tolerate failure — will be lost. This must be achieved without undermining the global correctness of visible application behaviour. We suggest an engineering approach to enable the introduction of such simulation with minimal or no recoding and we propose a composition architecture to allow for safe dynamic deployment in substantial autonomic systems. We have identified our approach as application Dreaming.

Alexithymia, Asperger's syndrome and criminal behaviour: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy-Louise Payne ◽  
Clive Hollin
Keyword(s):  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical literature informing the nature of the relationship between criminal behaviour and both Alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome (AS). Design/methodology/approach – The relevant literature was identified through database searches and via citations in primary sources. Findings – Alexithymia and AS are relatively similar constructs with some overlap in their defining characteristics including utilitarian thinking and deficiencies in empathy. Alexithymia is significantly more prevalent in offender populations than controls and, in particular, has a complex relationship with psychopathy. The research concerning AS has mainly focused on offense type and reasons for offending. In terms of offences, homicide rates were in keeping with general base rates, however, sexual offences were under-represented and arson was over-represented. Practical implications – In terms of reasons for offending, criminal behaviour is best described as a consequence of the classical characteristics of AS. It is suggested that despite their similarities the relationship of the two disorders with criminal behaviour may well be different. This suggestion has implications for the design of services intended to reduce the risk of offending in these two groups. Originality/value – The review draws together a diverse range of literature around a rather neglected topic in criminological psychology. It will be of value to researchers in suggesting where new knowledge is needed, particularly with regard to disentangling the risk factors for offending for the two conditions, and to practitioners within the criminal justice system in pointing towards areas for intervention to reduce risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document