scholarly journals Determination of an optimal dose of medetomidine-ketamine-buprenorphine for anaesthesia in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Joubert ◽  
T. Serfontein ◽  
M. Scantlebury ◽  
M B Manjerovic ◽  
P. W. Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Temperature Logger ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgical Implantation

The optimal dose of medetomidine-ketamine-buprenorphine was determined in 25 Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) undergoing surgical implantation of a temperature logger into the abdominal cavity. At the end of anaesthesia, the squirrels were given atipamezole intramuscularly to reverse the effects of medetomidine. The mean dose of medetomidine was 67.6±9.2 μg/kg, ketamine 13.6±1.9 mg/kg and buprenorphine 0.5±0.06 μg/kg. Induction time was 3.1 ± 1.4 min. This produced surgical anaesthesia for 21± 4.2 min. Atipamezole 232±92 μg/kg produced a rapid recovery. Squirrels were sternally recumbent in 3.5 ± 2.2 min.

scholarly journals Reproductive delay in the female Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Pettitt ◽  
J. M. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

Winter body temperature patterns in free-ranging Cape ground squirrel, Xerus inauris: no evidence for torpor

2010 ◽  
Vol 180 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Wilson ◽  
M. Justin O’Riain ◽  
Robyn S. Hetem ◽  
Andrea Fuller ◽  
Linda G. Fick
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Energetic costs of parasitism in the Cape ground squirrel Xerus inauris

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1622) ◽  
pp. 2169-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Scantlebury ◽  
J.M Waterman ◽  
M Hillegass ◽  
J.R Speakman ◽  
N.C Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

The Parasol Tail and Thermoregulatory Behavior of the Cape Ground Squirrel Xerus inauris

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert F. Bennett ◽  
Raymond B. Huey ◽  
Henry John-Alder ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

scholarly journals Anti-snake behaviour in a facultative cooperative breeder, the Cape ground squirrel

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1735-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Phillips ◽  
J.M. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Alloparental Care ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel ◽  
Snake Predators

Predator harassment is an anti-predator behaviour that may increase an individual’s risk of predation, as individuals approach, threaten and harass a potential predator, yet this behaviour is still not well understood. The Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) is a highly social facultative cooperative breeder from southern Africa that harasses several species of venomous snakes. We examined whether harassment was part of alloparental care by comparing harassment behaviours among different age and sex classes in Cape ground squirrel social groups. We also assessed how individuals adjusted their behaviour dependent on levels of risk by examining the Cape ground squirrel’s harassment behaviour among non-venomous, and two species of venomous snakes. We found adult females with emerged juvenile offspring took the most risk, harassing for longer durations and at higher intensities than other group members, suggesting that snake harassment was a maternal behaviour. Females with juvenile offspring only harassed the highest risk elapid snake but increased vigilance and inspection with increasing snake risk suggesting that the Cape ground squirrel can discriminate between different types of snake predators.

scholarly journals Mapping the Landscape of Fear of the Cape Ground Squirrel (Xerus inauris)

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius van der Merwe ◽  
Joel S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

Behavioural correlates of urbanisation in the Cape ground squirrel Xerus inauris

2012 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarryn Chapman ◽  
Tasmin Rymer ◽  
Neville Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Xerus Inauris ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

scholarly journals Social organization in a North African ground squirrel

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie van der Marel ◽  
Jane M Waterman ◽  
Marta López-Darias
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cape Ground Squirrel

Abstract Research on sociality in temperate ground-dwelling squirrels has focused on female philopatry and other life history trade-offs, which are influenced by constraints in the duration of the active growing season. Temperate ground-dwelling squirrels that experience high predation pressure, are large in body size, and have a short active season, show a more complex social organization. In contrast, African ground squirrels are active year-round, suggesting that instead of a short active season, distinct selective pressures influence their social organization. We examined the social organization of Barbary ground squirrels, Atlantoxerus getulus, and compared the social organization of temperate and African ground-dwelling sciurids. Anecdotal accounts on Barbary ground squirrels’ social organization suggested that they were either solitary or gregarious, or live in small family groups. We recorded the group size, composition, cohesion, and genetic relatedness, of the population on the arid island of Fuerteventura, Spain. Our data indicate that females live in small (1–8) all-female kin groups separate from adult males, and that unrelated adult males share sleeping burrows with immature individuals of either sex. We observed sex-biased dispersal with males primarily the dispersing sex and females primarily philopatric. Females sleep solitarily during gestation and lactation and nest either communally or singly after juvenile emergence. During the day, males and females can be active in the same area. Barbary ground squirrels are social because the squirrels share sleeping burrows and show spatiotemporal overlap. Barbary ground squirrels’ social organization resembles that of the closely related Cape ground squirrel rather than that of the temperate ground-dwelling sciurids, although the former are more temperate, seasonal breeders. In addition to describing the social organization of a previously unstudied species, this paper sheds light on the ecological drivers of sociality, and the evolution of distinct social organizations in ground-dwelling sciurids.

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