Staging the Social Drama of Work: Ethnography of a Theater Company as a Means of Analyzing Theater Activity

This paper shows how conducting the ethnographic study of a theater hall and company can help define theater activity. Once the aesthetic of the social organization is set apart from the proper division of labor, theater appears as a collective activity which requires the cooperation of eight groups playing different social roles. The cooperation modes rest on a meshing of direct or indirect services for the actors who carry out the core task of performing. This specific organization of work around a central group is what makes the activity artistic. Simultaneously, the service relation offers the possibility for some categories to bring their relationship with actors closer to a state of symmetry and sometimes reverse asymmetry. As a status enhancing opportunity, service relationship for actors also directly or indirectly provide the grounds for participant commitment and thus guarantee long-lasting operation for the theatrical organization.

Social arrangements. Kinship, descent and affinity in the mortuary architecture of Early Neolithic Britain and Ireland

This article reassesses the social significance of Early Neolithic chambered tombs. It critically evaluates inferences about social organization drawn from tomb architecture and interpretations of kinship based on aDNA analyses of human remains from tombs. Adopting the perspective that kinship is a multifaceted and ongoing field of practice, it argues that the arrangement of tomb chambers was related to the negotiation of Early Neolithic kinship. Drawing together inferences about biological relatedness from aDNA analyses with interpretations of chamber arrangements, it suggests that variation in the architectural arrangements and sequential modification of chambered tombs relates to different ways of negotiating aspects of kinship, particularly descent and affinity. It presents interpretations of how kinship was negotiated at Early Neolithic tombs in different regions of Britain and Ireland and concludes that it is increasingly possible to gauge pattern and diversity in Neolithic negotiations of kinship, descent and affinity by combining different strands of evidence, including architectural arrangement.

Typecasting in the Recruitment of Full Professors

The recruitment of full professors is critical for the formation of academia. The professorship is critical not only for the prosperity of the HEIs, but especially so for the establishment, development and communication of the discipline. In this chapter, we analyze the initial step of the typecasting process in the recruitment of full professors. We use a few cases to illustrate how the intellectual and social organization of the field of education science(s) is manifested in publicly posted job advertisements. The analysis shows that the field is characterized by heterogeneity and no longer has a basis in one single discipline. New relations between research, teaching, and society can be observed, as well as a narrowing of authority of the professorship but an increase of responsibilities.

De la historia > a los objetos sólidos. Nuevos retos conceptuales, teóricos y metodológicos sobre Familia y ciencias sociales

This work examines the claim of objects as explanatory protagonists of historical analysis against the perspective set forth in the book L´Histoire en miettes: des Annales à la «nouvelle histoire», by François Dosse (1987). This article aims to study the theoretical and epistemological turn regarding the historiographical approach. With this objective, we start from the family as an object of study, so that we place it between history and social sciences. It is precisely in the creation of the object, in the new analytical categories and in the renewal of the methods, where the true synthesis occurs as a contribution and creation of knowledge regarding the social organization and its operating processes.The system of social relations and the integration of individuals in the community provide families with the lead role in social change or resistance. Thus, factors such as hierarchy, intergenerational genealogies, domination, inequality and dependency are determined. La reivindicación de los objetos como protagonistas explicativos del análisis histórico frente a la consideración de fragmentos tras el clásico, pero acertado para su contexto y momento histórico: L´Histoire en miettes: des Annales à la «nouvelle histoire», de François Dosse (1987), pretende ofrecer un giro teórico y epistemológico respecto al enfoque historiográfico. Para ello partimos del objeto Familia y lo situamos entre historia y ciencias sociales. Es, precisamente, en la creación del objeto, en las nuevas categorías analíticas y en la renovación de los métodos, donde se produce la verdadera síntesis en tanto que aportación y creación de conocimiento respecto a la organización social y sus procesos de funcionamiento.El sistema de relaciones sociales y la integración de los individuos en la comunidad, le otorga a las familias el protagonismo en el cambio social o en las resistencias. Se determinan así factores como jerarquía, genealogías intergeneracionales, dominación, desigualdad y dependencia.

The Early Iron Age at Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley

The present monograph by Teresa Bürge deals with the material culture of the city of Tell Abu al-Kharaz in the northern part of the Jordan Valley. The basis and starting point is an extremely well-preserved domestic compound dating from the early Iron Age – one of the most controversial periods of the Eastern Mediterranean: it follows the political and economic collapse of the Late Bronze Age and results in a re-structuration of the political and social organization, which – due to the present state of research – is well documented only for the later Iron Age. In addition to a detailed examination of the architecture, the find material, its contexts, the relative and absolute chronology, and the possible function of the building, the study aims at an integration of the evidence from Tell Abu al-Kharaz into a broader picture. Special attention is devoted to the economy and social organization of the early Iron Age town, to aspects of tradition versus innovation, and patterns of economic contacts and migration. Therefore, the study contributes to a better understanding of processes of continuity and change in social and political organization and cross-cultural relations of pre- and protohistoric societies.

Biada zwyciężonym – gospodarka i relacje społeczne w kulturze lateńskiej

The economy of any community depends on the values which are considered to be the most important. Social organization and technologies are subordinated to their implementation. In traditional societies, including people of the La Tène culture, the most significant issues concerned the status of individuals and the resulting interpersonal relations. The position in rank was manifested and gained through participation in military expeditions. The economy was subordinated to military action. Nonetheless, new technologies and financial solutions created opportunities for military success. This, however, has its price in enormous social inequalities and almost permanent war.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Agroecological Family Farming in the Backlands Territory from Araripe in Pernambuco

The present reality of the Pandemic caused by the COVID-19, is characterized by new adaptations in the decrease of the social and economic activities, with the social isolations, in cities and countryside communities, causing a decrease in the commercialization of food by the familiar agriculture, damaging the activities of social organization and rural technical advice in the sustainable development of agricultural activities, by the non-governmental institutions and representative entities of the civil society, in the implementation of public policies assisted to the farmers, having a greater consequence in the social vulnerability and rural poverty. The present article aims to study the effects of the pandemic on family farming in the territory of the backlands from Araripe in the state of Pernambuco, describing the strategies adopted in the social organization of countryside communities, in reducing the social impacts of the pandemic on family farming. Through a bibliographical research, based on academic literature, newspapers and institutional reports, on the activities of rural technical assistance with principles of agro-ecology, developed during the period of incidences of the pandemic. As a result, technological strategies were identified in the remote media, for the activities of rural technical assistance, organization of marketing of food products from family farming, at home, in greengrocers and emporiums of solidary marketing, assisted by non-governmental institutions, in the development of motivational initiatives for rural families, in overcoming social and economic difficulties, during this phase of social isolation and safety protocols to the health of countryside area families and the entire world population.

Health Inequity and Institutional Ethnography: Mapping the Problem of Policy Change

Health equity (HE) is a central concern across multiple disciplines and sectors, including nursing. However, the proliferation of the term has not resulted in corresponding policymaking that leads to a clear reduction of health inequities. The goal of this paper is to use institutional ethnographic methods to map the social organization of HE policy discourses in Canada, a process that serves to reproduce existing relations of power that stymie substantive change in policy aimed at reducing health inequity. In nursing, institutional ethnography (IE) is described as a method of inquiry for taking sides in order to expose socially organized practices of power. Starting from the standpoints of HE policy advocates we explain the methods of IE, focusing on a stepwise description of theoretical and practical applications in the area of policymaking. Results are discussed in the context of three thematic areas: 1) bounding HE talk within biomedical imperialism, 2) situating racialization and marginalization as a subaltern space in HE discourses, and 3) activating HE texts as ruling relations. We conclude with key points about our insights into the methodological and theoretical potential of critical policy research using IE to analyze the social organization of power in HE policy narratives. This paper contributes to critical nursing discourse in the area of HE, demonstrating how IE can be applied to disrupt socially organized neoliberal and colonialist narratives that recycle and redeploy oppressive policymaking practices within and beyond nursing.

Study on the Xiangxian Council in Chinese Rural Governance in the Post-poverty Era

At present, Chinese society is in the stage of a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. By 2020, all the existing impoverished counties and people in China will exit the ranks of poverty. As China enters the Post-poverty era, the issue of rural governance will become the key to a sustainable poverty alleviation in rural areas. As a new type of social organization, Xiangxian councils play an important role in rural governance. This research studied the existing problems of the Xiangxian Council in rural governance to promote Xiangxian’s participation and practice in rural governance.