scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis in children and adolescents: Case series and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Rishi ◽  
Aditya Maitray ◽  
Pukhraj Rishi ◽  
Lingam Gopal ◽  
Pramod Bhende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis

scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Yokokura ◽  
Takashi Nishida ◽  
Kiyofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Initial Visual Acuity ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature. Methods: Retrospective case series and literature review Results: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection focus was endocarditis (37%). Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.

Acute Idiopathic Scrotal Edema: Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Santi ◽  
Sebastiano Lava ◽  
Giacomo Simonetti ◽  
Gregorio Milani ◽  
Mario Bianchetti
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Good General Condition ◽  
Scrotal Edema ◽  
Limiting Condition ◽  
Made In

Introduction Existing information on acute idiopathic scrotal edema relies on small case series and textbooks. Methods We searched reports with no date limits on acute idiopathic scrotal edema. Results Thirty-seven studies were included. Sixteen case series addressed the prevalence of acute idiopathic scrotal edema among males with acute scrotum: among 3,403 cases, the diagnosis of acute idiopathic scrotal edema was made in 413 cases (12%). Twenty-four reports addressed history, findings, management, and course of acute idiopathic scrotal edema in 311 patients. The patients mostly ranged in age from 5 to 8 years, presented with acute scrotal redness and swelling, associated or not with mild pain. Ninety percent or more of the cases developed in patients without atopic diathesis and were not preceded by inguinoscrotal surgery, acute febrile illnesses, or trauma. They were afebrile; in good general condition; and presented without pruritus, nausea or vomiting, or abdominal pain. The lesions were bilateral in two-thirds and unilateral in one-third of the cases. The condition resolved spontaneously within 2 to 3 days without sequelae. Approximately 10% of the cases experienced a recurrence. Conclusion Acute idiopathic scrotal edema is a self-limiting condition that accounts for ≥ 10% of cases of acute scrotum in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Yokokura ◽  
Takashi Nishida ◽  
Kiyofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Initial Visual Acuity ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature. Methods: Retrospective case series and literature review Results: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection site was endocarditis (37%). Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.

scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Yokokura ◽  
Takashi Nishida ◽  
Kiyofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Initial Visual Acuity ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature. Methods: Retrospective case series and literature review Results: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection site was endocarditis (37%). Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.

scholarly journals Transtibial Ertl amputation for children and adolescents: a case series and literature review

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bodley Firth ◽  
Julio Javier Masquijo ◽  
Ken Kontio
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Series

scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Yokokura ◽  
Takashi Nishida ◽  
Kiyofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Initial Visual Acuity ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature.Methods: Retrospective case series and literature reviewResults: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection focus was endocarditis (37%).Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.

scholarly journals Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Yokokura ◽  
Takashi Nishida ◽  
Kiyofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Initial Visual Acuity ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature. Methods: Retrospective case series and literature review Results: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection focus was endocarditis (37%). Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.

Infrapopliteal Arterial Pseudoaneurysm Development Secondary to Blunt Trauma: Case Series and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Chrencik ◽  
Brian Caraballo ◽  
John Yokemick ◽  
Peter J. Pappas ◽  
Brajesh K. Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Endovascular Coiling ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Tibial Arteries ◽  
Pulsatile Mass ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries

Objectives: Infrapopliteal arterial pseudoaneurysms (IAP) following blunt trauma with associated orthopedic injuries are uncommon, often present in a delayed fashion, and encompass a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Herein, we present a series of IAPs that were diagnosed following blunt trauma and their management. Methods: Case series consisting of 3 patients and a review of the international literature. Results: Our case series included 3 patients presenting with IAPs following blunt trauma with associated orthopedic injuries. They were all identified in a delayed manner (>3 weeks) after the orthopedic injuries were treated. All patients presented with pain and a pulsatile mass while one concurrently had neurologic deficits. The pseudoaneurysms were diagnosed by duplex ultrasound and confirmed by angiography to be originating from the tibioperoneal trunk, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries respectively. Two patients were treated with surgical excision. Of these, one required an arterial bypass procedure while the other underwent direct ligation only. The third patient was treated by endovascular coiling. A literature review from 1950 to the present found 51 reported cases of IAP resulting from blunt trauma. Ninety percent of trauma-related infrapopliteal injuries occurred in men with a mean delay in diagnosis of 5.6 months (median 1.8 months) after injury. Since 1950, management has shifted from primarily ligation to incorporating minimally invasive endovascular techniques when appropriate. Conclusions: Infrapopliteal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare following blunt skeletal trauma. A delay in diagnosis often occurs and can result in major morbidity and extensive surgical intervention. We recommend a high index of suspicion and a thorough vascular examination in patients with lower extremity skeletal trauma to help identify and treat these injuries early and effectively.

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