1913: How the Camp Fire Girls Are Preparing for Sex Equality

This chapter highlights the role of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 and the U.S. Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in transforming the gendered landscape of U.S. education. After first providing an overview of these two sources of law, the chapter examines the role they have played in challenging sex-based designations in admissions and in the classroom, in promoting equal opportunity and access to school-sponsored athletics, in challenging sexual harassment and other sexual misconduct, in reducing barriers to LGBT students, and in promoting equal opportunity for students who are pregnant. Sections addressing each one of these topics will also note limitations and shortcomings of the law’s approach to these issues, as there is still more work to do to fully realize sex equality in education. While the law has not cured all the problems of sex discrimination education, owing to limitations in its scope, as well as enforceability, it has proven to be a powerful source of societal norms and expectations, which themselves operate to motivate compliance and beyond.

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Native American and White Camp Fire Girls Enact Modern Girlhood, 1910–39

American Quarterly ◽

10.1353/aq.2014.0031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 333-360

Author(s):

Jennifer Helgren

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Camp Fire Girls

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Philosophy and Sex Equality

The Review of Education ◽

10.1080/0098559780040213 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 173-178

Author(s):

Linda Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Sex Equality

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[no title]

Art Libraries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0307472200007641 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 32-32

Author(s):

Maryly Snow

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Liberal Arts ◽

Arts Education ◽

Liberal Arts Education ◽

Social Fabric ◽

The Social ◽

The Common ◽

Camp Fire Girls

How did I come to be both an artist and a librarian? From the start, I never wanted to support myself with my art. Way back then my art was private. In order for the work to be true, it was best protected from the whims of the market. And since I had to work, I might as well contribute to the common weal, and do nothing that could harm the social fabric. After several years of experimenting with social work, sales, bookkeeping, cocktail waitressing, organizing Camp Fire Girls, census-taking, and other sundry occupations, it was finally librarianship that demanded the most of my top-notch liberal arts education and my desire to do good in a world so complex that it was often impossible to know what was good from what was not.

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