Using a polyploid meiosis stability (PMeS) line as a parent improves embryo development and the seed set rate of a tetraploid rice hybrid

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-C. He ◽  
J. Ge ◽  
Q. Wei ◽  
A.-M. Jiang ◽  
L. Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Normal Meiosis ◽  
Tetraploid Line ◽  
Seed Set Rate

He, Y.-C., Ge, J., Wei, Q., Jiang, A.-M., Gan, L., Song, Z.-J. and Cai, D.-T. 2011 Using a polyploid meiosis stability (PMeS) line as a parent improves embryo development and the seed set rate of a tetraploid rice hybrid. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 325–335. Polyploidy is widely accepted to play an important role in the evolution and breeding of plant species. However, a low seed set rate significantly hindered the development of polyploid rice breeding. Our results show that the seed set rate in polyploid meiosis stability (PMeS) line HN2026-4X was above 80%, but less than 40% in the other two tetraploid lines (4X indicates a tetraploid line and 2X indicates a diploid line). Furthermore, the seed set rate of Balilla-4X×HN2026-4X was also higher (67.18%) compared with that of Balilla-4X×NJ11-4X (37.26%), suggesting that the PMeS trait was transmitted to the next generation. The significantly higher seed set rate was attributed to the high pollen fertility and viability, as well as the normal meiosis of the HN2026-4X line as a male parent and also to successful embryogenesis. Investigations into embryo microstructure suggested that the embryo development pattern in Balilla-4X×HN2026-4X appeared normal at all stages, but many changes were discovered in Balilla-4X×NJ11-4X. The embryos were mainly defective at the four following stages: 1 d after pollination (DAP), 2–3 DAP, 4-5 DAP, and 10-15 DAP. The pattern of embryo developmental failure was similar in the two hybrids, but the abortive frequency in Balilla-4X×HN2026-4X was significantly lower than that of Balilla-4X×NJ11-4X at the respective stages. Additionally, aberrant fertilization, poor endosperm development, and abnormal embryo polarization also contributed to the low seed set in the hybrid of Balilla-4X×NJ11-4X. This study suggests that the PMeS line is a valuable resource, which could be used to develop tetraploid rice hybrids with superior yield.

scholarly journals Meiotic Chromosome Behavior and Capsule Setting in Doritaenopsis Hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Shih-Wen Chin ◽  
Fure-Chyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Mother Cells

The development of new cultivars in Doritaenopsis Guillaum. & Lami orchids is often hindered by factors such as low seed count in hybrids. Cytological study may offer the ability to develop new hybrids by revealing cultivars with good chromosome pairing and high pollen viability, which are somewhat difficult to obtain under current breeding programs. Cross pollination, pollen viability, and chromosomal behavior during meiosis were analyzed to reveal the relation between seed fertility and capsule set in Doritaenopsis hybrids. The number of mature capsules harvested and their relative seed content were used as indices of crossing availability. The results of meiosis were evaluated according to pollen viability detected by fluorescein diacetate and quantification of sporad types by acid fuchsin staining. Chromosome number and pairing at meiosis were observed in root tips or in samples of pollen mother cells. A positive relation was found among high seed set, high frequency of viable tetrads, high degree of chromosome pairing, and low frequency of chromosomal aberrations such as inversions and translocations. On the basis of these factors, three types of hybrids could be distinguished. In type one hybrids, chromosomes paired as bivalents, pollen mother cells divided into tetrads, and capsule setting occurred after pollination of pollen acceptors. In type two hybrids, chromosomes remained mainly as univalents that developed into micromeiocytes, pollen mother cell division was disrupted, and seed recovery was low after pollination. Type three hybrids showed chromosomes paired mostly as multivalents, chromosome bridges, pollen mother cell division with massive failure, and little fertility. In Doritaenopsis orchids, high pollen viability and high fertility depends on a high frequency of normal tetrads, and low seed set in cross-pollination is predicted with micronuclei in the end products of meiosis. The occurrence of chromosomal aberrations may suggest a process of genome differentiation that could compromise breeding efforts if not taken into consideration.

The effect of temperature on seed set and embryo development in reciprocal crosses of wheat and barley

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márta Molnár-Láng ◽  
József Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses

scholarly journals OsMND1 regulates early meiosis and improves the seed set rate in polyploid rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Xiong ◽  
Lu Gan ◽  
Yaping Hu ◽  
Wenchao Sun ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Seed Set Rate

An ultrastructural study of embryo and endosperm development during in vitro culture of maize ovaries (Zea mays)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. N. Schel ◽  
H. Kieft
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Endosperm Formation ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Maize Embryos

A culture method is described which allows the continuous supply of fresh liquid medium and which prevents the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Development of maize embryos and endosperm after various periods of in vitro ovary culture was studied by light and electron microscopy. Using this method the ultrastructural features of embryo development in vitro were similar to those of in vivo embryos. In contrast, the formation of endosperm was irregular with the absence of cellularization of the inner endosperm being frequent. In some cases, only the endosperm developed without any indication of embryo formation. In a calcium-depleted medium, embryo development was normal but again, endosperm formation was aberrant. No cells were formed in the central part of the endosperm and near the placental region degeneration took place, resulting in vacuoles with dark inclusions, clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and cellular breakdown. The events occurring after in vitro culture strongly resemble those taking place after intergeneric crosses or crosses between diploid and tetraploid strains. It is concluded that defective endosperm development is probably the main factor for the failure of embryo development.

Embryo Development and Seed Set in Crosses for Triploid Day Lilies

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Arisumi
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Seed Set

scholarly journals Comparative cytological and transcriptome analysis reveals high pollen fertility and upregulation of related genes in neo-tetraploid rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwen Wu ◽  
Yuanmou Chen ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Autotetraploid Rice

Abstract Background: Autotetraploid rice is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding; however, low seed setting is a major hindrance for the utilization of autotetraploid rice. Our previous study demonstrated that neo-tetraploid rice have great yield potential, which is thought to be one effective way to overcome the low fertility of autotetraploid rice. However, there is little known about the cause of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. Here, we employed cytology and RNA-seq to study the molecular genetic mechanism of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice.Results: Cytological observations indicate that H1 displayed high pollen fertility (95.62%), lower percentage of PMC cell abnormalities, and stable chromosome configurations during the pollen development process compared with its two parents. RNA-seq analysis detected 1483 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents. Of these DEGs, 433 were annotated as pollen fertility-related genes, and 240 (~55.4%) exhibited significant upregulation in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents, including nine cloned genes ( CSA , TMS5 etc.) that were validated by qRT-PCR and had been demonstrated to be pollen fertility-related genes. We further selected TMS5 as a candidate gene and analysed its phenotype in neo-tetraploid rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Significant variations have been detected in phenotypic charts, pollen development process and expression level in H1 and its TMS5 knockout lines.Conclusions: Our finding provides strong evidence for the regulatory mechanisms of neo-tetraploid rice, and upregulation of pollen fertility-related genes should be associated with high fertility. Moreover, the present study provides a new useful germplasm for polyploidy rice breeding.

scholarly journals Cellular Mechanisms of Reproductive Barriers in Some Crosses of Water Lily (Nymphaea spp.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Qing Sun ◽  
Zhi-Hu Ma ◽  
Guo-Sheng Sun ◽  
Zhong-Liang Dai ◽  
Nian-jun Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Reproductive barriers exist in some water lily crosses that result in low seed set and low breeding efficiency. We investigated pollen morphology, pollen viability, microspore development, pistil receptivity, and embryo and endosperm development in six water lily crosses using paraffin section as well as light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the percentage of pollen with normal morphology ranged from 8.9% to 55.2%. The pollen viabilities of ‘Fen Zhuang’, ‘Bai Lu’, and ‘Hong Ying’ were 33.9%, 3.3%, and 20.7%, respectively. Stigmatic pollen germination peaked at 12 h after pollination and varied from 0.3 to 65.7 grains per stigma among the crosses. The production of embryos with normal morphology ranged from 0% to 43.6% at 5 days after pollination, from 0% to 31.4% at 15 days after pollination, and from 0% to 19.7% by 20 days after pollination. The seed sets of the six crosses were from 0% to 10.9%. Our results suggest that the low seed set in some crosses is the result of low pollen viability, low pistil receptivity, and embryo abortion.

Chromosome pairing and fertility in Spartina × caespitosa

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
In The Wild

A detailed study of meiosis and breeding behavior of Spartina × caespitosa (A. A. Eaton) Fern, and a comparison with S. patens (Ait.) Muhl. and S. pectinata Link, its putative parents, has revealed regular meiotic pairing, relatively high pollen stainability, and a low seed set in the hybrid when intercrossed with other clones of S. × caespitosa or with S. patens and S. pectinata. S. × caespitosa quite frequently occurs and persists under competition amidst juxtaposed clones of rhizomatous S. patens and S. pectinata but there is little evidence of an F2 generation in the wild and it maintains a very localized distribution. Many characteristics of S. × caespitosa are closely similar to those of a species and features of hybrid nature are not easy to define.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and duration of maize pollen storage on the seed set rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Natalija Kravic ◽  
Jelena Srdic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Seed Set Rate

scholarly journals Comparative cytological and transcriptome analysis reveals high pollen fertility and upregulation of environmentally sensitive genic male sterility genes in neo-tetraploid rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwen Wu ◽  
Yuanmou Chen ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Autotetraploid Rice ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Sterility Genes

Abstract Background: Autotetraploid rice is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding; however, low seed setting is a major hindrance for the utilization of autotetraploid rice. Our previous study demonstrated that neo-tetraploid rice have great yield potential, which is thought to be one effective way to overcome the low fertility of autotetraploid rice. However, there is little known about the cause of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. Here, we employed cytology and RNA-seq to study the molecular genetic mechanism of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. Results: Cytological observations indicate that H1 displayed high pollen fertility (95.62%), lower percentage of pollen mother cells（PMCs）abnormalities, and stable chromosome configurations during the pollen development process compared with its two parents. RNA-seq analysis detected 1479 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents. Of these DEGs, 433 were annotated as pollen fertility-related genes, and 240 (~55.4%) exhibited significant upregulation in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents, including nine cloned genes ( TMS5 , CSA etc.) that were validated by qRT-PCR and had been demonstrated to be pollen fertility-related genes. We further selected TMS5 as a candidate gene and analysed its phenotype in neo-tetraploid rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Significant variations have been detected in phenotypic charts, pollen development process and expression level in H1 and TMS5 knockout lines. Conclusion: Our finding provides strong evidence for the regulatory mechanisms of neo-tetraploid rice, and upregulation of pollen fertility-related genes should be associated with high fertility. Moreover, knockout of environmentally sensitive genic male sterility genes in the present study provide the new useful germplasm for polyploidy rice breeding.

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