ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUTATIONS IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER AND P. FALCIPARUM MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE 1 GENES AND IN VIVO AMODIAQUINE RESISTANCE IN P. FALCIPARUM MALARIA–INFECTED CHILDREN IN NIGERIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. HAPPI ◽  
D. E. KYLE ◽  
A. SOWUNMI ◽  
G. O. GBOTOSHO ◽  
A. M. J. ODUOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance Transporter

scholarly journals Survey of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 and chloroquine resistance transporter alleles in Haiti

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha A ElBadry ◽  
Alexandre Existe ◽  
Yves S Victor ◽  
Gladys Memnon ◽  
Mark Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance Transporter

scholarly journals Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid O. Ibraheem ◽  
R. Abd Majid ◽  
S. Mohd. Noor ◽  
H. Mohd. Sedik ◽  
R. Basir
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance Transporter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Transporter ◽  
Intracellular Targets ◽  
Metabolite Transporter

Emergence of drugs resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has augmented the scourge of malaria in endemic areas. Antimalaria drugs act on different intracellular targets. The majority of them interfere with digestive vacuoles (DVs) while others affect other organelles, namely, apicoplast and mitochondria. Prevention of drug accumulation or access into the target site is one of the mechanisms that plasmodium adopts to develop resistance. Plasmodia are endowed with series of transporters that shuffle drugs away from the target site, namely, pfmdr (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter) and pfcrt (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) which exist in DV membrane and are considered as putative markers of CQ resistance. They are homologues to human P-glycoproteins (P-gh or multidrug resistance system) and members of drug metabolite transporter (DMT) family, respectively. The former mediates drifting of xenobiotics towards the DV while the latter chucks them outside. Resistance to drugs whose target site of action is intravacuolar develops when the transporters expel them outside the DVs and vice versa for those whose target is extravacuolar. In this review, we are going to summarize the possible pfcrt and pfmdr mutation and their role in changing plasmodium sensitivity to different anti-Plasmodium drugs.

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