Behavioral Agents of Bone Accumulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-132
Author(s):  
Richard Potts
Keyword(s):  
Bone Accumulation

Megafaunal Butchering at Lubbock Lake, Texas: A Taphonomic Reanalysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Kreutzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Point Bar ◽  
Feature Structure ◽  
Bone Accumulation ◽  
Rule Out

Five seasons of excavation in Feature Area 2-1 of the Lubbock Lake Landmark, Texas, exposed a megafaunal bone accumulation in sands and gravels deposited by a late Pleistocene meandering stream. Many bone specimens exhibit evidence of alteration, supporting interpretation of the feature as an in situ, secondary meat-processing area; the gravels are interpreted as the point bar of a meandering stream. Faunal remains lying stratigraphically above the point bar have been considered to form a separate, noncultural feature produced by stream flooding. However, rose diagrams and analysis of adjusted residuals demonstrate that a statistically significant amount of bone in each feature is aligned along axes of preferred orientation. Further, the orientation patterns and statistical analyses of both features exhibit the same trends, suggesting that the same processes affected both. Although the evidence does not rule out a role of human behavior, it does demonstrate that stream currents significantly influenced feature structure.

Mammoth hunting – Impact traces on backed implements from a mammoth bone accumulation at Kraków Spadzista (southern Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Kufel-Diakowska ◽  
Jarosław Wilczyński ◽  
Piotr Wojtal ◽  
Krzysztof Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Poland ◽  
Hunting Impact ◽  
Bone Accumulation

Paleopathology of a fossil macropod population

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Horton ◽  
J Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Dental Abnormality ◽  
Fossil Site ◽  
Bone Accumulation

A number of bones of Macropus titan and a Protemnodon species from a Pleistocene fossil site at Lancefield, Vic., show pathological conditions. The diseases indicated are 'lumpy jaw', osteoarthritis, periostitis and osteomyelitis, some of which may be the result of slight injuries. In addition there were two healed fractures and four jaws with a dental abnormality of a previously undescribed kind. The presence of lumpy jaw indicates a long history for this disease (the site is 26,000 years old). Calculations of the prevalence of disease at this site provides further data relevant to hypotheses about the cause of death of the animals and the reasons for the bone accumulation.

Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in Kenya: a modern behavioral ecological approach

Paleobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah W. Lansing ◽  
Susan M. Cooper ◽  
Erin E. Boydston ◽  
Kay E. Holekamp
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Site Formation Processes ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
Bone Accumulation

The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depositional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens. Limbs and skulls of prey animals more frequently appear at dens than do other carcass portions. These items reflect the relative abundance of prey species near dens; carnivore remains are poorly represented. Comparative analysis reveals that bones are deposited far more slowly (<7 carcass portions per month) and accumulations tend to be smaller at Crocuta dens than at dens of either brown (Parahyaena brunnea) or striped (Hyaena hyaena) hyenas. We propose that extant Crocuta bone accumulation rates and sizes are likely affected by prey species abundance, clan size, social interactions within the clan, and the type and availability of den sites. We also suggest that the potential for intraspecific behavioral variability in bone accumulation patterns is important when comparisons are made among spotted hyena populations and across hyena species. For example, accumulation patterns may be dramatically influenced by the temporal span, potentially ranging from days to hundreds or thousands of years, in which bones are collected, depending on the species-specific history of occupation at a given site. Understanding the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyaenids will allow taphonomists and zooarchaeologists to refine their knowledge of mechanisms underlying site formation processes and potential causes of variability in deeper-time den assemblages.

Humans, bones and fire: Zooarchaeological, taphonomic, and spatial analyses of a Gravettian mammoth bone accumulation at Grub-Kranawetberg (Austria)

2012 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein D. Bosch ◽  
Philip R. Nigst ◽  
Florian A. Fladerer ◽  
Walpurga Antl-Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Bone Accumulation

Activin A promotes the development of acquired heterotopic ossification and is an effective target for disease attenuation in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (669) ◽  
pp. eabd0536
Author(s):  
Christina Mundy ◽  
Lutian Yao ◽  
Sayantani Sinha ◽  
Juliet Chung ◽  
Danielle Rux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bone Accumulation

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common, potentially debilitating pathology that is instigated by inflammation caused by tissue damage or other insults, which is followed by chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and extraskeletal bone accumulation. Current remedies are not very effective and have side effects, including the risk of triggering additional HO. The TGF-β family member activin A is produced by activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells and stimulates the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (SMAD2/3). Because HO starts with inflammation and because SMAD2/3 activation is chondrogenic, we tested whether activin A stimulated HO development. Using mouse models of acquired intramuscular and subdermal HO, we found that blockage of endogenous activin A by a systemically administered neutralizing antibody reduced HO development and bone accumulation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis and developmental trajectories showed that the antibody treatment reduced the recruitment of Sox9+ skeletal progenitors, many of which also expressed the gene encoding activin A (Inhba), to HO sites. Gain-of-function assays showed that activin A enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through SMAD2/3 signaling, and inclusion of activin A in HO-inducing implants enhanced HO development in vivo. Together, our data reveal that activin A is a critical upstream signaling stimulator of acquired HO in mice and could represent an effective therapeutic target against forms of this pathology in patients.

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