Winnicott’s own maturational process and facilitating environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Margaret Boyle Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Maturational Process

scholarly journals What does a neuron learn from multisensory experience?

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghong Xu ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
Terrence R. Stanford ◽  
Benjamin A. Rowland ◽  
Barry E. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Cat Superior Colliculus ◽  
Maturational Process ◽  
Multisensory Experience

The brain's ability to integrate information from different senses is acquired only after extensive sensory experience. However, whether early life experience instantiates a general integrative capacity in multisensory neurons or one limited to the particular cross-modal stimulus combinations to which one has been exposed is not known. By selectively restricting either visual-nonvisual or auditory-nonauditory experience during the first few months of life, the present study found that trisensory neurons in cat superior colliculus (as well as their bisensory counterparts) became adapted to the cross-modal stimulus combinations specific to each rearing environment. Thus, even at maturity, trisensory neurons did not integrate all cross-modal stimulus combinations to which they were capable of responding, but only those that had been linked via experience to constitute a coherent spatiotemporal event. This selective maturational process determines which environmental events will become the most effective targets for superior colliculus-mediated shifts of attention and orientation.

Carotid body denervation effect on cytochrome oxidase activity in pre-Bötzinger complex of developing rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuli Liu ◽  
Judy Kim ◽  
Jamye Cinotte ◽  
Patricia Homolka ◽  
Margaret T. T. Wong-Riley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Bötzinger Complex ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
Maturational Process ◽  
Carotid Body Denervation

Previously, we found that the rat pre-Bötzinger complex (PBC) exhibited reduced cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity on postnatal days (P) 3–4 and especially on P12, with a concomitant decrease in glutamate and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1, and an increase in GABA, GABAB, glycine recptor, and glutamate subunit 2. We hypothesized that the PBC would be more affected by carotid body denervation (CBD) during the two critical windows than at other times. Pairs of CBD and sham animals at each postnatal day from P2 to P14 and at P21 were operated on and survived for 3 days. Brain stems were processed for CO and neurokinin-1 receptor for the identification of PBC. Results indicate that CBD caused a significant loss in body weight in all animals and a reduction in PBC somal size when the surgery was between P2 and P7. CBD also induced a significant decrease in CO activity of the PBC in most animals and a distinct delay, as well as prolongation of the maturational process, especially when induced close to P3 and P11–P13.

Supervision as a maturational process

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Maturational Process

scholarly journals Nicotinic regulation of local and long-range input balance drives top-down attentional circuit maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe1527
Author(s):  
Elisa N. Falk ◽  
Kevin J. Norman ◽  
Yury Garkun ◽  
Michael P. Demars ◽  
Susanna Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Maturational Process ◽  
Attentional Behavior

Cognitive function depends on frontal cortex development; however, the mechanisms driving this process are poorly understood. Here, we identify that dynamic regulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system is a key driver of attentional circuit maturation associated with top-down frontal neurons projecting to visual cortex. The top-down neurons receive robust cholinergic inputs, but their nicotinic tone decreases following adolescence by increasing expression of a nicotinic brake, Lynx1. Lynx1 shifts a balance between local and long-range inputs onto top-down frontal neurons following adolescence and promotes the establishment of attentional behavior in adulthood. This key maturational process is disrupted in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome but was rescued by a suppression of nicotinic tone through the introduction of Lynx1 in top-down projections. Nicotinic signaling may serve as a target to rebalance local/long-range balance and treat cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document