attentional behavior
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2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Norman ◽  
Julia Bateh ◽  
Priscilla Maccario ◽  
Christina Cho ◽  
Keaven Caro ◽  
...  

Top-down attention is a dynamic cognitive process that facilitates the detection of the task-relevant stimuli from our complex sensory environment. A neural mechanism capable of deployment under specific task-demand conditions would be crucial to efficiently control attentional processes and improve promote goal-directed attention performance during fluctuating attentional demand. Previous studies have shown that frontal top-down neurons projecting from the anterior cingulate area (ACA) to the visual cortex (VIS; ACAVIS) are required for visual attentional behavior during the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) in mice. However, it is unknown whether the contribution of these projecting neurons is dependent on the extent of task demand. Here, we first examined how behavior outcomes depend on the number of locations for mice to pay attention and touch for successful performance, and found that the 2-choice serial reaction time task (2CSRTT) is less task demanding than the 5CSRTT. We then employed optogenetics to demonstrate that suppression ACAVIS projections immediately before stimulus presentation has no effect during the 2CSRTT in contrast to the impaired performance during the 5CSRTT. These results suggest that ACAVIS projections are necessary when task demand is high, but once a task demand is lowered, ACAVIS neuron activity becomes dispensable to adjust attentional performance. These findings support a model that the frontal-sensory ACAVIS projection regulates visual attention behavior during specific high task demand conditions, pointing to a flexible circuit-based mechanism for promoting attentional behavior.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Norman ◽  
Julia Bateh ◽  
Priscilla Maccario ◽  
Christina Cho ◽  
Keaven Caro ◽  
...  

Top-down attention is a dynamic cognitive process that facilitates the detection of the task-relevant stimuli from our complex sensory environment. A neural mechanism capable of deployment under specific task-demand conditions would be crucial to efficiently control attentional processes and improve goal-directed attention performance in task demand-dependent manner. Previous studies have shown that frontal top-down neurons projecting from anterior cingulate area (ACA) to the visual cortex (VIS; ACAvis) are required for attentional behavior during the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) in mice. However, it is unknown whether the contribution of this projecting neurons is dependent on the extent of task demand. Here, we examine the differential contribution of ACAvis projection neurons to the attentional behavior in adult male mice performing two visual attention tasks of varying task demand: the 5CSRTT and 2-choice serial reaction time task (2CSRTT). We found that optogenetic suppression ACAvis projections immediately before stimulus presentation has no effect during the 2CSRTT in contrast to the impaired performance during the 5CSRTT. Fiber photometry calcium imaging of ACAvis neuron activity revealed that these neurons, which are recruited after errors during 5CSRTT, are not recruited during 2CSRTT. These results suggest that ACAvis projections are necessary only when task demand is high and that ACAvis neuron activity may not provide an error monitoring signal when task demand is low. Collectively, this frontal-sensory ACAvis projection regulates visual attention behavior during specific high task demand conditions, pointing to a flexible circuit-based mechanism for promoting attentional behavior.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe1527
Author(s):  
Elisa N. Falk ◽  
Kevin J. Norman ◽  
Yury Garkun ◽  
Michael P. Demars ◽  
Susanna Im ◽  
...  

Cognitive function depends on frontal cortex development; however, the mechanisms driving this process are poorly understood. Here, we identify that dynamic regulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system is a key driver of attentional circuit maturation associated with top-down frontal neurons projecting to visual cortex. The top-down neurons receive robust cholinergic inputs, but their nicotinic tone decreases following adolescence by increasing expression of a nicotinic brake, Lynx1. Lynx1 shifts a balance between local and long-range inputs onto top-down frontal neurons following adolescence and promotes the establishment of attentional behavior in adulthood. This key maturational process is disrupted in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome but was rescued by a suppression of nicotinic tone through the introduction of Lynx1 in top-down projections. Nicotinic signaling may serve as a target to rebalance local/long-range balance and treat cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247064
Author(s):  
Yukiko Shiro ◽  
Shuhei Nagai ◽  
Kazuhiro Hayashi ◽  
Shuichi Aono ◽  
Makoto Nishihara ◽  
...  

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate the visual attentional behavior towards a pain-affected area and face/body images using eye tracking in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between visual attentional behavior and clinical symptoms. Patients and methods Eight female patients with CRPS type 1 in their upper limbs and 8 healthy adult women participated in this study. First, the participants were asked to watch videoclips in a relaxed manner (Videoclip 1 featured young adults who introduced themselves; Videoclip 2 featured young adults touching the hand of the other person sitting across from them with their hand.) Eye movement data were tracked with eye-tracking glasses. Results In video clip 1, the fixation duration (FD) and fixation count (FC) on faces tended to be lower in CRPS patients than in healthy controls. This tendency was found in patients with low body cognitive distortions. In video clip 2, CRPS patients displayed significantly lower FD and FC on the unaffected hand while watching a video of the unaffected hand being touched compared with healthy controls. Moreover, patients with low body cognitive distortion displayed significantly longer FD on the affected hand. Conclusion Some CRPS patients differed in visual attentional behavior toward the face and body compared with healthy controls. In addition, our findings suggest that patients with lower body cognitive distortion may have a high visual attention for the affected hand, while patients with higher distortion may be neglecting the affected hand.


IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 31946-31955
Author(s):  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Hamed Mahzoon ◽  
Yuichiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro ◽  
Haleema Sadia ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Kavyaganga Kilingaru ◽  
Zorica Nedic ◽  
Lakhmi C. Jain ◽  
Jeffrey Tweedale ◽  
Steve Thatcher
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Nabel ◽  
Yury Garkun ◽  
Hiroyuki Koike ◽  
Masato Sadahiro ◽  
Ana Liang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M Nabel ◽  
Yury Garkun ◽  
Hiroyuki Koike ◽  
Masato Sadahiro ◽  
Ana Liang ◽  
...  

AbstractFrontal top-down cortical neurons projecting to sensory cortical regions are well-positioned to integrate long-range inputs with local circuitry in frontal cortex to implement top-down attentional control of sensory regions. How adolescence contributes to the maturation of top-down neurons and associated local/long-range input balance, and the establishment of attentional control is poorly understood. Here we combine projection-specific electrophysiological and rabies-mediated input mapping in mice to uncover adolescence as a developmental stage when frontal top-down neurons projecting from the anterior cingulate to visual cortex are highly functionally integrated into local excitatory circuitry and have heightened activity compared to adulthood. Chemogenetic suppression of top-down neuron activity selectively during adolescence, but not later periods, produces long-lasting visual attentional behavior deficits, and results in excessive loss of local excitatory inputs in adulthood. Our study reveals an adolescent sensitive period when top-down neurons integrate local circuits with long-range connectivity to produce attentional behavior.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Hugo Sir ◽  
Isis Castañeda ◽  
Esteban Radiszcz

The aim of this article is to explore the epistemic and practical conditions of production of the diagnosis of ADHD in Chilean schools. It develops along two main lines: 1) the role of schools inChile in relation to the characteristics and treatment of this diagnostic category; and 2) the construction of the diagnosis in the classroom, analyzing the treatment of attentional behavior and the configuration of the ADHD Situation. We will conclude by considering student anxiety related to the diagnosis as an indicator of a clash of civilizational orders expressed in the modes of affective modulation performed in the classroom, wherein attempts will be made to resolve institutional violence by way of a demand for individual reform.


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