Chapter 1 A Starting Point: Common Sense and the New Science

2017 ◽  
pp. 6-32
Author(s):  
Ellis Sandoz ◽  
Michael Henry
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
New Science ◽  
Starting Point

Ontology and Perception

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Galko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
The One ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The Relationship

The ontological question of what there is, from the perspective of common sense, is intricately bound to what can be perceived. The above observation, when combined with the fact that nouns within language can be divided between nouns that admit counting, such as ‘pen’ or ‘human’, and those that do not, such as ‘water’ or ‘gold’, provides the starting point for the following investigation into the foundations of our linguistic and conceptual phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to claim that such phenomena are facilitated by, on the one hand, an intricate cognitive capacity, and on the other by the complex environment within which we live. We are, in a sense, cognitively equipped to perceive discrete instances of matter such as bodies of water. This equipment is related to, but also differs from, that devoted to the perception of objects such as this computer. Behind this difference in cognitive equipment underlies a rich ontology, the beginnings of which lies in the distinction between matter and objects. The following paper is an attempt to make explicit the relationship between matter and objects and also provide a window to our cognition of such entities.

Of sex and war: carceral feminism and its anti-carceral critique

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Mattia Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
International Law ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Carceral Feminism

Abstract In the last three decades, wartime sexual violence has become one of the main concerns for feminists engaged with international law. This essay reviews Karen Engle’s monograph on the causes and implications of today’s common-sense narrative about sexual violence in conflict. It shows how Engle’s powerful critique of ‘carceral feminism’ may represent a starting point for a new discussion of sex and war in international law.

Apprenticeship Indentures and Apprentices in Medieval England, 1250–1500

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rhiannon E. Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Fictive Kinship ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Official Records

This thesis uses apprenticeship indentures to offer a novel insight into guilds and apprenticeship in medieval England. Indentures offer a unique view of idealised master-apprentice relationships, which are otherwise only visible in official records. A collection of 82 surviving indentures forms a starting point for exploring social, economic, and legal aspects of apprenticeship in medieval England, both within and outside the guild system. Chapter 1 outlines the content of indentures and provides a guide to their general form. Indentures developed gradually in response to social, economic and legal factors; these are explored in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the enforceability and enforcement of legislation pertaining to apprenticeship, as well as exploring the legal complexities of indentures as binding legal agreements made by minors. Chapter 3 considers apprenticeship in three ways in the context of the guild system: as a means of exploitation, as a means of exclusion, and as a means of providing technical training. No single model prevails, but the influence of each depends on geographical, economic, and temporal factors. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of the reality of apprenticeship. Chapter 4 discusses the use of behavioural clauses in indentures, which controlled apprentices’ behaviour with the primary aim of protecting masters’ reputations. Chapter 5 explores apprentices’ expectations of the apprenticeship, including provision of training. Chapter 6 presents novel estimates, based on surviving records, of the cost of maintaining an apprentice, concluding that they were not ‘cheap’ labour. Historians have not previously considered this cost. Chapter 7 uses testamentary evidence to examine close master-apprentice relationships, highlighting the importance of fictive kinship. Civic enfranchisement and its relative importance is also discussed. Overall, this thesis provides an original survey of apprenticeship in medieval England, based mainly on evidence from a previously neglected document type.

Campus Novels, Camaraderie, and White Nationalist Merriment

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Travis M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Political Disagreement ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Campus Novel

Chapter 1 highlights the significance of everyday social practices for white sectional reunion after the Civil War, reassessing the form assumed by reconciliation as it transitioned from an object of political contestation to common sense reality. Specifically, it recovers the campus novel, a popular though largely unstudied genre that, despite its sophomoric content, acquired historical weight by turning the practice of campus affections into a metonym for national belonging tacitly predicated on racial exclusion. Focusing on the ability for merriment to overcome and, above all, trivialize intra-white difference, novels like Hammersmith: His Harvard Days (1879) and For the Blue and Gold (1901) enacted a civic pedagogy, becoming handbooks for a sociality that turned political disagreement into jocular affinity, dispute into banter, and racial exclusion into an implicit element of white fellow feeling.

Stewart and Hamilton

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas McDermid
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
External World ◽  
Stewart’S Approach ◽  
The Subject

How did the cause of common sense realism fare in Scotland in the decades immediately following Thomas Reid’s death in 1796? This chapter explores the contributions of the two Edinburgh-based philosophers introduced at the end of Chapter 1: Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) and Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856). Stewart’s approach to the problem of the external world is less intellectually adventurous than what we find in Hamilton, who attempted something difficult and hitherto untried—namely, to arrive at a synthesis of the insights of Reid and Kant. Hamilton’s willingness to learn from Kant and the post-Kantian idealists opened up Scottish philosophy to foreign authors and fresh influences, and this contributed to the backlash against common sense realism which is the subject of Chapters 5 and 6.

Introducing the Energy Security Paradox

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Geological Context

Chapter 1 introduces the book. It begins by outlining the puzzle through a discussion of existing debates on energy security and their limits, emphasizing the importance of considering what it means to understand energy as a security issue. It places this discussion in the contemporary geological context of the Anthropocene, to illustrate the importance of asking these kinds of ‘bigger picture’ questions. It then develops the framework of the energy security paradox to highlight the broader, overlooked consequences of contemporary energy security politics. It then outlines the methodological starting point through a discussion of what it means to study security as practice and detailing the empirical analysis undertaken. It ends with a brief overview of existing debates on energy security and an overview of the contents of the book.

Poetic logic and sensus communis

Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (225) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Aesthetic Judgement ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Giambattista Vico ◽  
New Science ◽  
Sensus Communis ◽  
Cultural Turn

AbstractGiambattista Vico first published his masterpiece The New Science in 1725, but it did not receive much attention from the academic world until the middle of the twentieth century. The last fifty years of academic research have witnessed a so-called “linguistic” and “cultural” turn which has revived our interest in this great Italian thinker. Looking at the Vichian scholarship of the recent past, it seems that Vico’s theory of poetic wisdom has gained a great deal of recognition and deservedly so, but his concept of sensus communis is yet to be fully appreciated. The present article thus tries to discuss the constructive and imaginative function of language and culture not just through the notion of poetic logic but also in relation to that of common sense, which hopefully can shed some light on the perennial debate over the criterion of truth and aesthetic judgement.

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