The history of the employee assistance movement has its roots in the worker's health movement of the early 1900s and the employee alcohol assistance programs of the 1940s. The author discusses the important role alcohol assistance programs played in the evolution of current employee assistance programs and makes a very important distinction between programs that deal with alcohol-related problems and those that are currently being used for drug-related problems. The issue is raised of the fine line between using urinalyses as a method of rehabilitation and using it as a form of policing.