A picture of health: determining the core population served by an urban NHS hospital trust and understanding the key health needs

Background NHS hospitals do not have clearly defined geographic populations to whom they provide care, with patients able to attend any hospital. Identifying a core population for a hospital trust, particularly those in urban areas where there are multiple providers and high population churn, is essential to understanding local key health needs especially given the move to integrated care systems. This can enable effective planning and delivery of preventive interventions and community engagement, rather than simply treating those presenting to services. In this article we describe a practical method for identifying a hospital’s catchment population based on where potential patients are most likely to reside, and describe that population’s size, demographic and social profile, and the key health needs. Methods A 30% proportional flow method was used to identify a catchment population using an acute hospital trust in West London as an example. Records of all hospital attendances between 1st April 2017 and 31st March 2018 were analysed using Hospital Episode Statistics. Any Lower Layer Super Output Areas where 30% or more of residents who attended any hospital for care did so at the example trust were assigned to the catchment area. Publicly available local and national datasets were then applied to identify and describe the population’s key health needs. Results A catchment comprising 617,709 people, of an equal gender-split (50.4% male) and predominantly working age (15 to 64 years) population was identified. Thirty nine point six percent of residents identified as being from Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups, a similar proportion that reported being born abroad, with over 85 languages spoken. Health indicators were estimated, including: a healthy life expectancy difference of over twenty years; bowel cancer screening coverage of 48.8%; chlamydia diagnosis rates of 2,136 per 100,000; prevalence of visible dental decay among five-year-olds of 27.9%. Conclusions We define a blueprint by which a catchment can be defined for a hospital trust and demonstrate the value a hospital-view of the local population could provide in understanding local health needs and enabling population-level health improvement interventions. While an individual approach allows tailoring to local context and need, there could be an efficiency saving were such public health information made routinely and regularly available for every NHS hospital.

Strategies To Support Older Adults’ Mental Health During the Transition Into Residential Aged Care: A Qualitative Study of Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives

BackgroundThe move from home into residential care is one of the most stressful life experiences for older adults. ‘Relocation stress’ is a significant risk factor for anxiety and/or depression in aged care residents. Whether long-term or recently diagnosed, these mood disorders are associated with a decline in overall well-being, daily functioning and independence. The mental health needs of older adults are often poorly recognised and supported, including during the transition into residential care. Despite growing interest in how to facilitate this major life transition, few studies have taken the perspective of multiple stakeholders. The aim of this study was to explore resident, relative and staff experiences of the transition into residential aged care, and to identify strategies to support the mental health of older adults at this time. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 aged care residents, relatives and staff, between January and April 2021. Participants were selected using purposive and convenience sampling. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed inductively and grouped into themes. ResultsResults were distilled into three main categories related to the overall transition experience, residents’ mental health needs and strategies to support residents’ mental health. A novel contribution of this study relates to the need to address a broad misunderstanding of the role of pastoral care and subsequent under-utilisation of a potentially valuable resource. ConclusionsBy describing transition experiences and the resources to support residents’ mental health, findings of this study provide practical, ‘real world’ suggestions for reducing relocation stress. New resources developed from the findings include guides, checklists and short question-and-answer films, in which current residents and staff describe strategies to support mental health and overall quality of life. Similar resources could be used to support transitions in other care settings.

Access to the care network by children and adolescents with special health needs

Objective: to understand the access to the care network for children and adolescents with special needs from the perspective of professionals. Methods: qualitative study carried out in an Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children. The semi-structured interview was used,with representation through the cloud of words. Participated in the research 11 professionals who work in health care and special education. Results: from the professionals’ perspective, the access to the network of care for children and adolescents comes from the special care and education offered by the Association. The participants highlighted the difficulties of access of children and adolescents to health services and the diversity of activities used so that they can socialize, interact, and form bonds. Conclusion: the access of children and adolescents to the attention network occurs through the services of the Association, represented by the clinic for health care and the school for development and social inclusion.

Community Environmental Detection and Community Outdoor Space Health Promotion Based on Cloud Resource Scheduling Mechanism

In the context of rapid economic growth, people’s living standards are improving day by day, and China’s urbanization process is also gradually accelerating. Urban renewal is a very complex project. The renewal and expansion of most cities in the country usually involve demolishing and rebuilding. This way of urban renewal only pays attention to the renewal efficiency of cities and towns, and ignores the health needs of residents, which will make community residents lack a sense of security, pleasure, comfort, and belonging to the community, and greatly reduce the quality of life and physical fitness of community residents. Building a healthy city is an important goal of today’s society, and community is the basic unit of a city, so it is urgent to build a health-promoting community. We should pay attention to and study the social environment, the external space environment of residential areas, and the interaction between them, so as to make develop them in a healthy direction and create a healthy and positive community. Therefore, it is an urgent task to improve the community residents’ attention to the above problems and build community outdoor space, which has very important practical significance. In this paper, we use the cloud resource scheduling mechanism and the Internet of things to study the healthy role of community outdoor space planning. Through the transplantation of embedded Linux system, the development of communication interface and the external acquisition sensing device, we collect the information of working status and running status, and transmit it to the database built in the cloud through the 4G module on the motherboard. Then, HTML + java script + CSS + JSON + Ajax technology is used to write the display interface and logical relationship, so that the data can be displayed on the mobile terminal and PC, which can provide a useful technical exploration for outdoor space planning. The community Internet of Things technology realizes the intelligent community environment detection, and the community cloud resource scheduling mechanism combined with the community Internet of Things can obtain the residents’ help information in time and allocate the community outdoor resources in real time, which can not only meet the health needs of community members but also be conducive to the sustainable development of a health-promoting community. In addition, the cloud resource scheduling mechanism and the Internet of things also provide new ideas for the study of the health promotion research of community outdoor space planning.

An Analysis of The Imposition of Criminal Sanction to COVID-19 Vaccination Objectors Through the Lens of Criminal Law and Qiyas Shafi’i Mazhab in Indonesia

<table width="595" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p><em>This article aims to answer whether vaccination is a right or an obligation and how criminal law and Qiyas Shafi’i Mazhab views the basic provisions of criminal law against vaccination objectors. By combining doctrinal and socio-legal research method, this article concludes that vaccination is an obligation because a person's personal right to choose health services, especially COVID-19 vaccination has turned into a public right. Vaccination is the government's obligation to protect public health as part of meeting health needs, following the mandate of the constitution and human rights. According to the relative punishment theory, the application of criminal sanctions is an effort made to maintain public order and peace of society, not as a means of repaying the perpetrator's mistakes. Thus, the sanctions imposed on the perpetrator are solely to provide fear so that they do not repeat their actions and other people do not follow them. There are three main objectives of relative theory, namely prevention, prevention, and reform. Whereas Qiyas Shafi'i Mazhab puts forward the application of qiyas as a justification for imposing criminal sanctions against vaccination objectors. Because a person is prohibited from doing something that endangers himself and others, punishment according to the Qiyas Shafi'i Mazhab can be applied. There are similarities between criminal law and Qiyas Shafi'i Mazhab to a view of the obligation to vaccinate, that is, both allow the reduction of individual human rights for the sake of common interests. Ultimately, this article recommends the need to regulate the handling of COVID-19 vaccination objectors through act so that vaccination and law enforcement can run comprehensively, not partially </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>