An Analysis of Household Perceptions of Water Costs across the United States: A Survey Based Approach

Research analyzing perceptions of water services has focused on water quality, water safety, and the propensity to consume water from different sources. It has not assessed perceptions of water costs. To address this knowledge gap, this study collected nationally representative survey data from households in the United States about water issues and incorporated these data into logistic regression models. In doing so, our study advances the water and public policy literature in three ways. One, it addresses the need for household resolution information about water issues given the absence of data at this scale in the United States. Two, it creates and utilizes one-of-a-kind survey data to understand the perceptions of household water bills and the drivers of these perceptions. Three, we assess the impact of proposed solutions to improve water affordability on household perceptions of water costs. Model results indicate low-income and households in underrepresented groups were more likely to perceive their water bills to be too high. The perception of water costs also varied geographically. From a policy perspective, model results indicate utilities can positively affect perceptions of water bills via the frequency of water billing and provision of payment assistance programs.

Update and Acceleration of Health Care Using Artificial Intelligence in Medical Treatments and Diagnostics

Researchers support the growth of artificial intelligence and similar methods in health and medical care for the purpose of continuously improving processes. By focusing on the growth on data analytics, statistics, applied mathematics, and computer methods including machine learning, the future of health-care methods will change. The development of computerized methods and the growth of data systems produce ample materials for artificial intelligence to develop and to bring physician assistance programs to enable continuous improvement resulting in superior health and medical care. This includes applications in intensive care as well as diagnostic therapies. The focus is on examples in the use of the promising developments in data science methods, the accumulation of medical and research data. With quality and continuous improvement in process control applications where one determines the usefulness of data analytics, there are great possibilities of change in the improvement in medical applications as well as the management of medical and health-care treatment and diagnostic facilities.

Gender and Labor Market

Gender is defined as the tasks, functions, and roles attributed to women and men in the public and private areas in society. The concept of gender is important in social state policies. The social state is a state that deals with the economic and social situation of individuals and seeks to ensure a minimum level of living, social security, and justice. In this kind of state disease, disability, death, unemployment, and similar cases, social security and assistance programs are in the foreground. Gender discrimination in the labor market in Turkey is a major problem. Women face a number of obstacles in this market. In particular, gender-based occupational discrimination affects women's position in the labor market. In addition to factors such as inflation, growth, and unemployment, gender roles play a role in the effectiveness of the female labor force in these markets. In this study, labor markets in Turkey will examine on the basis of gender and will be discussed in terms of insurance premiums and tax incentives for the period 2000-2019.

Muarareja Fishermen Perceptions on The Prohibition of Arad and Environmentally Friendly Fishing Tool Assistance Programs

Arad has been prohibited because of its damages to the environment. However, fishers in Muarareja continue to operate the gear even though environmentally friendly fishing gear (traps) have been granted as a substitution. The reason behind the rejection of substitute fishing gear is interesting to be investigated. Therefore, the study aim to 1) analyze fishers' perceptions of arad prohibition, traps, and environmentally friendly fishing gear program; 2) evaluate fishers' perception on policies concerning arad prohibition and fishing gear substitution; and 3) formulate the recommendations. This study involved 35 arad fishers in Muarareja Village who has been granted with traps as substitute fishing gear. Variables in this study are fishers' perceptions on arad and trap, the policy of arad prohibition, and fishers' perception on the environmentally friendly fishing gear program. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by scoring respondents' answers based on provided statements. The results showed that fishers did not agree that arad is not environmentally friendly, while the trap is. Fishers are also against arad prohibition and refuse to use traps as a replacement. Furthermore, fishers who received traps are still very dependent on arad and use traps only for alternative fishing gear. Recommendations for the policy of arad prohibition are arad should be allowed with special regulation, and further education is required for fishers to understand the correlation between unselective fishing gear and environmental damages. Recommendations for the environmentally friendly fishing gear program are that the provision of traps should be continued with several adjustments following fishermen's preferences.Keywords: Prohibition of arad, environmentally-friendly fishing gear, traps.

Indonesian Economic Policy Universal Basic Income During the Covid-19 Pandemic for National Defense

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the government to carry out social assistance programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze Universal Basic Income as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic which can simultaneously strengthen economic defenses in Indonesia as a form of peace dividends. This research uses the literature study method to previous relevant research strategy theory by identifying ends, ways, and means. The results of this study support universal basic income as a policy (ways) to deal with the crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic. UBI can provide an increase in Indonesia's economic growth and empower Indonesian people to be better prepared to face risks, which will lead people to innovate more. UBI can also strengthen the defense economy in Indonesia because by reducing poverty, unemployment and social inequality, the crime rate caused by the economy will decrease, human resources will increase, and community relations will be stronger (ends). The resources (Means) needed to implement UBI in Indonesia are the budget, existing regulations, human resources (HR), and the latest Indonesia’s population data.

Pelatihan Penggunaan Learning Management System (LMS) bagi Guru Sebagai Mitra Asistensi Mengajar Program MBKM Prodi Pendidikan Fisika FKIP Universitas Tadulako

Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) merupakan program nasional bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas output pendidikan dengan melakukan sejumlah aktivitas seperti asistensi mengajar di satuan pendidikan oleh mahasiswa. Learning management system (LMS) sangat dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan program asistensi mengajar khususnya dalam melakukan evaluasi. Tujuan program ini adalah untuk melatih guru di sekolah mitra dalam menggunakan LMS sehingga dapat mendampingi mahasiswa dalam program asistensi mengajar. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan dimana guru dilatih menggunakan LMS. Mitra kegiatan ini adalah SMP dan SMA di Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa guru dapat memanfaatkan dengan baik aplikasi evaluasi berbasis LMS yang dirancang oleh tim pengabdi. Hasil wawancara memperkuat hal ini, dimana guru tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan aplikasi penilaian bagi mahasiswa program asistensi mengajar karena dilengkapi petunjuk yang jelas. The Independent Learning Campus Independent Program is a national program that improves scholarly output quality by carrying out activities such as teaching assistants in academic units by students. A learning management system (LMS) is needed to carry out teaching assistance programs, especially evaluations. This program aims to train teachers at partner schools in using the LMS so that they can assist students in teaching assistance programs. This activity is carried out in training where teachers are trained to use LMS. Partners of this activity are junior and senior high schools in Central Sulawesi Province. The instruments used are observation sheets and interviews. From the observations, it is known that teachers can make good use of the LMS-based evaluation application designed by the service team. The results of the interviews reinforce this, where the teacher does not experience difficulties in using the assessment application for students in the teaching assistant program because it is equipped with clear instructions.

Agensi Perempuan Penyintas dalam Inisiatif Keadilan Transisi di Tingkat Lokal

This article will describe the contribution of women survivors of human rights violations in promoting transitional justice initiatives at the local or community level in Indonesia. In their marginal position, both as women and victims of human rights violations, the women survivors show their agencies to face social, political, cultural and structural barriers. The initiatives and participation of women survivors in Central Sulawesi, Aceh, and Yogyakarta Province, have contributed to the emergence of transitional justice models at the local level, such as apologies for victims, health assistance programs, scholarships, and truth-telling. These transitional justice initiatives at the local level not only fill the gap in the accountability that should be borne by the state, but they also strengthen the implementation of transitional justice mechanisms organized by the state or government, both at the local and national levels.

Comparison of Emergency Preparedness Practices between Food Assistance Program Participants and Non-Participants in the United States

Background: Previous research has suggested many households are meeting the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s 3-day emergency food and water storage recommendations. The impact of limited economic household resources on emergency preparedness practices related to food and water is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare emergency preparedness practices in households participating in United States’ food assistance programs with households not participating in these programs. Methods: A convenience sample of adults (n = 572) completed an online Qualtrics survey. Descriptive statistics, chi-square statistics, and independent t-tests were used to measure differences between households participating in food assistance programs vs. non-participating households. Results: Most households participating in food assistance programs felt prepared to provide household members with food and water during an emergency, which did not significantly differ from non-participating households. Households using food assistance programs had less accessible cash but had similar foods on-hand for an emergency compared to non-participating households. However, they more frequently reported having baby formula/food and less frequently reported having vitamin/mineral supplements compared to non-participating households. Conclusions: Food assistance programs may be effective in providing enough food and water to help low-income families be prepared for an emergency.

EFEKTIVITAS PENDAMPINGAN PETANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DI DESA SUKAINDAH KECAMATAN SUKAKARYA

ABSTRAKDesa Sukaindah merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Sukakarya, Kabupaten Bekasi. Mayoritas pekerja di desa tersebut adalah petani dengan sistem bekerjanya adalah buruh panggilan dengan menggarap sawah orang lain, permasalahan yang perlu mendapat perhatian terkait keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam penggunaan pestisida bagi petani yaitu pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai potensi bahaya risiko penggunaan pestisida dan kesadaran tentang pentingnya pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) saat bekerja masih rendah. Program pendampingan masyarakat petani bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja melalui 3 tahapan program yaitu: 1. Sosialisasi dan edukasi melalui buku saku yang diberikan kepada para pekerja mengenai dampak risiko bahaya penggunaan pestisida, 2. Pelatihan dan pendampingan pentingnya dalam penggunaan APD, dan 3. Focus Group Discussion mengenai efektivitas pendampingan petani dalam meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Sasaran dalam program pendampingan ini adalah masyarakat petani di Desa Sukaindah. Hasil dengan dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah adanya peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan petani terhadap bahaya risiko penggunaan pestisida dan juga peningkatan petani dalam penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) yang baik dan benar. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah program pendampingan dalam meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja merupakan metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mengenai bahaya penggunaan pestisida dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri bagi para petani. Kata kunci: potensi bahaya pestisida; alat pelindung diri (APD); keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3); petani ABSTRACTSukaindah village is one of the villages are located in kecamatan sukakarya , bekasi district .The majority of workers in the village are farmers with a system of an undeveloped are just labor call by working on other other people rice fields , attention must be given to problems related to the occupational health and safety in the use of pesticides for farmers namely knowledge and understanding of the potential danger risk the use of pesticides and recognition of the importance of the use of the equipment himself apd ) while working is still low. The farmers assistance programs aims to improve work safety and health through the 3 the program which are: 1.Socialization and education through a book pocket given to workers on the impact of the use of pesticides, risk hazard 2.Training and assistance important in the use of apd, and 3.Focus group discussion regarding concerning assistance increase effectiveness farmers through work safety and health.Goals in this flanking program is the farmers in the village sukaindah.The results by when the public was activities devotion is an increase in the understanding and knowledge of farmers to danger risk the use of pesticides and also elevations farmers through the use of a protective apd ) to ( that is good and right.Conclusion of this activity is to improve assistance programs work safety and health is effective methods to raise awareness of danger the use of a party. Keywords: the potential danger pesticide; self protection instrument ( APD ); work safety and health ( K3 ); farmers