scholarly journals Denken der Relation : Franz Boas und der « Typus »-Begriff

2018 ◽  
Vol Épistémologies du pluriel (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Joseph

International audience Der « Typus »-Begriff wird hier in dem wissenschaftlichen Werk des deutsch-amerikanischen Anthropologen Franz Boas (1858-1942) untersucht.Anhand einer Analyse seiner wichtigsten Texte über Anthropometrie wird gezeigt, wie bei Boas die Statistik dazu dient, die physische Anthropologie von seinem taxinomischen Hintergrund zu befreien und einen neuen Zugang zu einem Denken der Relation zu eröffnen, das auf Variationen und Korrelationen den Fokus legt.Boas denkt die « Typen » im Plural und legt den Nachdruck auf die Anleihen und Mischungen, auf die Plastizität der Menschen und auf ihre Grenzen. This article focuses on the concept of « type » in Franz Boas’ work. Based on a close examination of his main anthropometrical texts, it sheds light onthe way Boas used statistical methods in order to criticize the taxonomic approach of physical anthropology. Instead, he developed a perspective where relations between types are put forward and emphasized the importance of variability and correlation phenomena. By using the plural “types”, Boas was able to consider human plasticity as a scene for borrowing and intermixture. Cet article se propose d’examiner le concept de « type » dans le travail de Franz Boas (1858-1942). À partir d’une lecture des principaux textes del’anthropologue consacrés à l’anthropométrie, cet article expose la manière dont il s’est servi des méthodes statistiques pour détourner l’anthropologie physique de ses objectifs taxinomiques et mettre en avant une pensée de la relation fondée sur la variation et les phénomènes de corrélation. Boas préfère penser les « types » au pluriel pour mieux observer les jeux d’emprunts et de mélanges qui se manifestent dans les limites de la plasticité humaine.

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.


2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann

Abstract. There is as yet no consensually agreed-upon situational taxonomy. The current work addresses this issue and reviews extant taxonomic approaches by highlighting a “road map” of six research stations that lead to the observed diversity in taxonomies: (1) theoretical and conceptual guidelines, (2) the “type” of situational information studied, (3) the general taxonomic approach taken, (4) the generation of situation pools, (5) the assessment and rating of situational information, and (6) the statistical analyses of situation data. Current situational taxonomies are difficult to integrate because they follow different paths along these six stations. Some suggestions are given on how to spur integrated taxonomies toward a unified psychology of situations that speaks a common language.


1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 562-562
Author(s):  
B. J. WINER
Keyword(s):  

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1224-1224
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson
Keyword(s):  

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-536
Author(s):  
JOHN W. COTTON
Keyword(s):  

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