scholarly journals Translating Word Order Variations in the Qurʾan: A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saleh Elimam

Marked, unconventional word order is one of the most pertinent stylistic features of the Qurʾan, and is employed to realise certain discursive functions. This article identifies the verses which foreground a lexical item to (or towards) sentence-initial position, resulting in a marked word order, as well as the functions realised thereby, drawing on classical commentaries on the Qurʾan. Two of the most important English translations of the Qurʾan by Abdel Haleem (2004/2005) and Arberry (1955/1998) are selected for closer examination of the strategies they use to deal with the corpus of verses. The discussion is carried out against the backdrop of the translators’ stated aims and reviews of their output. Furthermore, the potential influences of the translators’ motivations, target readers’ expectations, and the historical context of their work on their respective output are also discussed.

Author(s):  
Martin Loughlin

Institutionalism is a theory that maintains that law is neither norm nor command but institution. It emerges in the late-nineteenth century primarily through the work of Hauriou in France and Romano in Italy. Their innovative studies are shaped by reflecting on the effects of social and economic change on law, which manifests itself primarily in the emergence of administrative law. In this chapter the importance of institutional jurisprudence is assessed by examining its historical context and offering reflections on its continuing significance. It argues that, partly because of the lack of English translations of its leading exponents, institutionalism has been relatively neglected in Anglo-American jurisprudence, and that it continues to offer acute insights into contemporary juristic controversies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Joseph Licata ◽  
Piyush M Mehta ◽  
W. Kent Tobiska ◽  
Bruce R Bowman ◽  
Marcin Dominik Pilinski

Urology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Hakenberg ◽  
Susanne Fuessel ◽  
Katja Richter ◽  
Michael Froehner ◽  
Sven Oehlschlaeger ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Hiziroglu ◽  
Umit Dursun Senbas

Having achieved an optimized customer portfolio has been of significant importance for companies. The literature provides several portfolio models and vast majority of them are in matrix form where several descriptors are used as dimensions of the matrix. These dimensions are characterized in ambiguity and require specific methods to tackle with it. The aim of this paper is to utilize fuzzy clustering in customer portfolio analysis to reduce this uncertainty and to make a comparison with a traditional customer portfolio model. A dataset of 130 customers of an automotive supplier in Turkey is used to perform the analyses and the results are compared with a conventional customer portfolio matrix. By making use of substantiality and balance of portfolio parameters, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of categorization generated by both approaches are evaluated. The use of fuzzy clustering gives more substantial clusters and a more balanced customer portfolio compared to the traditional matrix form of portfolio. Marketing managers can understand their overall customer portfolio better and reduce the effect of descriptive indicators via benefiting the fuzzy clustering results.


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