Background and Objectives:
Despite various technological advances for the treatment of cancer, the
identification of new chemical entities with potent anticancer effects remain an indispensable requirement of the time due
to multi-drug resistance exhibited by previously developed anticancer drugs. Particularly, the hybrid drugs incorporating
two individual bioactive pharmacophores present medicinally important structural leads, thus improving the
pharmacodynamic profile of the drug molecules. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the carbazole-chalcone
hybrids on human breast and cervical cancer cells will be examined.
Materials and Methods:
To overcome such complications, in the current study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of
carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and normal
cells i.e., baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) using MTT (dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide)
assay. The mechanistic studies were performed on potent compound 4g by fluorescent microscopic studies, release of
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and -3 and flow cytometric
analysis.
Results:
As revealed by MTT assay, compound 4g was identified as the most potent derivative among the tested series
with IC50 values of 5.64 and 29.15 μM against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The results were compared with
cisplatin. Fluorescent microscopic studies using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI) staining
confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with the most active compound 4g. Moreover, compound 4g
also triggered the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells while a luminescence assay
displayed a remarkable increase in the activity of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, flow cytometric results revealed that
compound 4g caused G0/G1 arrest in the treated HeLa cells.
Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that the compound 4g possesses chemotherapeutic properties against breast cancer
and cervical adenocarcinoma cells, thus warranting further research to test the anticancer efficacy of this compound at
clinical level.
Metastatic Biliary Stricture with “Beaded” Appearance from Cervical Adenocarcinoma
