Between Empires

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall
Keyword(s):  
Missouri River ◽  
Native People ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
North West ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

In 1821, the Hudson’s Bay Company and North West Company merged, robbing Native people like the Blackfoot of trade leverage by forcing them to trade with only one partner. At the same time, American and Canadian traders made inroads with Indigenous nations in the intermountain West, eroding Blackfoot advantages over their neighbors. Facing the loss of their strategic advantages, Blackfoot people responded by welcoming American traders from the American Fur Company to the upper Missouri River for the first time in 1830, thus securing themselves a privileged position and reasserting themselves as the region’s dominant power. Their borderlands position gave them leverage over non-Native traders and provided crucial mobility and flexibility that other Native people lacked.

Strangers on the Land

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native People ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
New Era ◽  
North West ◽  
Canadian North ◽  
Direct Trade ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

This chapter describes the period from 1781 until 1806. Following a devastating smallpox epidemic in 1781, the Blackfoot established direct trade with non-Native people for the first time, circumventing middlemen who had been devastated by the disease. While many embraced the opportunities for trade, they also carefully structured their relationships with newcomers, repurposing regional traditions of peaceful exchange and ceremony for a new era. At the same time, they deliberately prevented British (Hudson’s Bay Company) and Canadian (North West Company) traders from expanding their trade into new regions, especially the intermountain West, thus securing crucial advantages over their western and southern neighbors. By 1806, Blackfoot people had become one of the most powerful and expansive Indigenous polities in North America.

scholarly journals THE FREEZING OF INSECTS

1898 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Entomological Society ◽  
North West ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

In the 22nd Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, being that for 1891, there appeared a paper from my pen under the title “Can Insects Survive Freezing?”I have recently come across further records of observations upon this subject, and deem them of sufficient interest to be republished in the Canadian Entomologist.In looking over and interesting book of travels entitled “A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company for the discovery of copper mines, a north-west passage, etc., in the years 1769, 1770, 1771 and 1772, by Samuel Hearne,” published in 1796, I came across the following interesting notes on page 397

A Critique of Milgrom and Roberts' Treatment of Incentives vs. Bureaucratic Controls in the British North American Fur Trade

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Spraakman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
North West ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
British North American ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

In their 1992 textbook, Economics, Organization and Management, Milgrom and Roberts used 19th century fur trading companies as examples of effective (the incentive-based North West Company) and ineffective (the bureaucratic-based Hudson's Bay Company) organizations. Findings from detailed examinations of both companies' archives suggest that Milgrom and Roberts were not completely accurate in their depictions of the two companies' incentives and bureaucratic controls. In response to complexities of intercontinental trade, both companies used bureaucratic controls for coordination as well as profit sharing to motivate senior managers. More generally, the findings raise questions about Milgrom and Roberts' relatively negative conclusions concerning the effectiveness of bureaucratic controls.

Chronological list of expeditions and historical events in northern Canada. V. 1790–1821

Polar Record ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 15 (99) ◽  
pp. 893-920
Author(s):  
Alan Cooke ◽  
Clive Holland
Keyword(s):  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rupert's Land ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

During the period covered by this instalment of our list, the accomplishments of the North West Company, both in geographical exploration and in the realization of profits were great. It consolidated its position in the fur-rich Athabasca district and, with a few posts along Mackenzie River, began to draw in the furs of that immense territory. Its traders invaded not only the western part of Rupert's Land but even Hudson Bay itself. The Hudson's Bay Company rose only slowly to the challenge of its formidable rival, but, gradually, it began to adopt new policies and new techniques and to meet the North West Company on its own grounds and on its own terms. Finally, after a bitter struggle that was almost the destruction of both companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1821, effectively absorbed the North West Company in a coalition that gave the older company greater strength than ever and a wider monopoly than Prince Rupert had thought of.

Before the Medicine Line

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-406
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Indian People ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

This article argues that Blackfoot people played a central role in the emergence of the northwest plains as a vibrant borderland between British and U.S. fur trade empires. When the British Hudson’s Bay Company monopolized the northern fur trade in 1821, Blackfoot traders abandoned their previous opposition to American expansion and deliberately encouraged U.S. trading companies to expand onto the Upper Missouri River. In so doing, the Blackfeet forced fur trading companies to compete for their favor and gained crucial economic and political advantages over their neighbors. This episode reveals the centrality of indigenous agency to early western geography, sheds new light on the ways Indian people understood and created borderlands relationships, and underscores the importance of linking early U.S. and Canadian history.

scholarly journals Chasser en échange d’un salaire

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Antaya
Keyword(s):  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
North West ◽  
Commerce Des Fourrures ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

Résumé Au début du XIXe siècle, la Haute-Mauricie est investie par trois grandes compagnies intéressées dans le commerce des fourrures : la North West Company, la King’s Posts Company et la Hudson’s Bay Company. Si la présence de ces compagnies dans le bassin de la rivière Saint-Maurice a fait l’objet de recherches approfondies, les activités des petits commerçants et la main-d’oeuvre qu’ils employèrent sont demeurées jusqu’à présent méconnues. Pourtant, comme l’attestent les engagements contractés devant les notaires trifluviens, des marchands indépendants, profitant d’une période de flottement, ont été particulièrement actifs sur ce territoire entre 1815 et 1822. Comparativement aux compagnies avec lesquelles ils peinaient à rivaliser, ces derniers employèrent des engagés amérindiens dans des proportions beaucoup plus fortes, majoritairement des Abénaquis de Saint-François-du-Lac et de Bécancour. À travers l’étude des modalités d’embauche des engagés amérindiens, cet article vise à illustrer leur rôle particulier dans la traite du Saint-Maurice, notamment à titre de chasseurs salariés, et, par le fait même, jette un nouvel éclairage sur les stratégies des marchands indépendants.

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