scholarly journals Exploration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 11563-11580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Huang ◽  
Bei-Bing Zou ◽  
Ling-Yan He ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
André S. H. Prévôt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China, which has a population of more than 58 million people, is one of the largest agglomerations of cities in the world and had severe PM2.5 pollution at the beginning of this century. Due to the implementation of strong pollution control in recent decades, PM2.5 in the PRD has continuously decreased to relatively lower levels in China. To comprehensively understand the current PM2.5 sources in the PRD to support future air pollution control strategies in similar regions, we performed regional-scale PM2.5 field observations coupled with a state-of-the-art source apportionment model at six sites in four seasons in 2015. The regional annual average PM2.5 concentration based on the 4-month sampling was determined to be 37 µg m−3, which is still more than 3 times the WHO standard, with organic matter (36.9 %) and SO42- (23.6 %) as the most abundant species. A novel multilinear engine (ME-2) model was first applied to a comprehensive PM2.5 chemical dataset to perform source apportionment with predetermined constraints, producing more environmentally meaningful results compared to those obtained using traditional positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The regional annual average PM2.5 source structure in the PRD was retrieved to be secondary sulfate (21 %), vehicle emissions (14 %), industrial emissions (13 %), secondary nitrate (11 %), biomass burning (11 %), secondary organic aerosol (SOA, 7 %), coal burning (6 %), fugitive dust (5 %), ship emissions (3 %) and aged sea salt (2 %). Analyzing the spatial distribution of PM2.5 sources under different weather conditions clearly identified the central PRD area as the key emission area for SO2, NOx, coal burning, biomass burning, industrial emissions and vehicle emissions. It was further estimated that under the polluted northerly air flow in winter, local emissions in the central PRD area accounted for approximately 45 % of the total PM2.5, with secondary nitrate and biomass burning being most abundant; in contrast, the regional transport from outside the PRD accounted for more than half of PM2.5, with secondary sulfate representing the most abundant transported species.

scholarly journals Exploration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Huang ◽  
Bei-Bing Zou ◽  
Ling-Yan He ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
André S. H. Prévôt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China, which has a population of more than 58 million people, is one of the largest agglomerations of cities in the world and ever experienced severe PM2.5 pollution at the beginning of this century. Due to the implementation of strong pollution control in recent decades, PM2.5 in the PRD has continuously decreased to relatively lower levels in China. To comprehensively understand the current PM2.5 sources in the PRD to support future air pollution control strategy in similar regions, we performed regional-scale PM2.5 field observations coupled with a state-of-the-art source apportionment model at six sites in four seasons in 2015. The regional annual average PM2.5 concentration was determined to be 37 μg/m3, which is still more than three times the WHO standard, with organic matter (36.9 %) and SO4−2 (23.6 %) as the most abundant species. A novel multilinear engine (ME-2) model was then applied to the PM2.5 dataset in the PRD to perform source apportionment with predetermined constraints, which produced more environmentally meaningful results compared to those obtained using traditional positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The regional annual average PM2.5 source structure was retrieved to be secondary sulfate (21 %), vehicle emissions (14 %), industrial emissions (13 %), secondary nitrate (11 %), biomass burning(11 %), secondary organic aerosol (SOA, 7 %), coal burning (6 %), fugitive dust (5 %), ship emissions (3 %) and aged sea salt (2 %). Analyzing the spatial distribution of PM2.5 sources under different weather conditions clearly identified the central PRD area as the key emission area for SO2, NOx, coal burning, biomass burning, industrial emissions and vehicle emissions. It was further estimated that under the polluted northerly air flow in winter, local emissions in the central PRD area accounted for approximately 45 % of the total PM2.5, with secondary nitrate and biomass burning being most abundant; in contrast, the regional transport from outside the PRD accounted for more than half of PM2.5, with secondary sulfate representing the most abundant transported species.

Biomass Burning Contributions to Ambient VOCs Species at a Receptor Site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 4577-4582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Min Shao ◽  
Sihua Lu ◽  
David G. Streets
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Pearl River

scholarly journals Contributions of different anthropogenic volatile organic compound sources to ozone formation at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region and its policy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 8801-8816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoran He ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Zhenhao Ling ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Photochemical Pollution ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of photochemical smog. Quantitatively evaluating the contributions of VOC sources to ozone (O3) formation could provide valuable information for emissions control and photochemical pollution abatement. This study analyzed continuous measurements of VOCs during the photochemical season in 2014 at a receptor site (Heshan site, HS) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, where photochemical pollution has been a long-standing issue. The averaged mixing ratio of measured VOCs was 34±3 ppbv, with the largest contribution from alkanes (17±2 ppbv, 49 %), followed by aromatics, alkenes and acetylene. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to resolve the anthropogenic sources of VOCs, coupled with a photochemical-age-based parameterization that better considers the photochemical processing effects. Four anthropogenic emission sources were identified and quantified, with gasoline vehicular emission as the most significant contributor to the observed VOCs, followed by diesel vehicular emissions, biomass burning and solvent usage. The O3 photochemical formation regime at the HS was identified as VOC-limited by a photochemical box model with the master chemical mechanism (PBM-MCM). The PBM-MCM model results also suggested that vehicular emission was the most important source to the O3 formation, followed by biomass burning and solvent usage. Sensitivity analysis indicated that combined VOC and NOx emission controls would effectively reduce incremental O3 formation when the ratios of VOC-to-NOx emission reductions were > 3.8 for diesel vehicular emission, > 4.6 for solvent usage, > 4.6 for biomass burning and 3.3 for gasoline vehicular emission. Based on the above results, a brief review of the policies regarding the control of vehicular emissions and biomass burning in the PRD region from a regional perspective were also provided in this study. It reveals that different policies have been, and continue to be, implemented and formulated and could help to alleviate the photochemical pollution in the PRD region. Nevertheless, evaluation of the cost-benefit of each policy is still needed to improve air quality.

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