scholarly journals Tracing the evolution of morphology and mixing state of soot particles along with the movement of an Asian dust storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 14321-14332
Author(s):  
Liang Xu ◽  
Satoshi Fukushima ◽  
Sophie Sobanska ◽  
Kotaro Murata ◽  
Ayumi Naganuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
New Findings

Abstract. Tracing the aging progress of soot particles during transport is highly challenging. An Asian dust event could provide an ideal opportunity to trace the continuous aging progress of long-range-transported soot particles. Here, we collected individual aerosol particles at an inland urban site (T1) and a coastal urban site (T2) in China and a coastal site (T3) in southwestern Japan during an Asian dust event. Microscopic analysis showed that the number fraction of soot-bearing particles was 19 % and 16 % at T1 and T2 in China but surprisingly increased to 56 % at T3 in Japan. The dominant fresh soot (71 %) at T1 became partially embedded (68 %) at T2 and fully embedded (84 %) at T3. These results indicated that the tiny soot particles had lower deposition than other aerosol types and became more aged during the transport from T1 to T3. We quantified soot morphology using the fractal dimension and found an increasing trend of 1.65 at T1, 1.84 at T2, and 1.91 at T3. Furthermore, we found that the morphology compression of the soot aggregations was associated with secondary coating thickness and relative humidity. A unique mixing structure where multi-soot particles scattered in organic coatings instead of the sulfate core in individual core-shell particles was observed at T3 after the crossing of the East China Sea. The study provides understanding for important constraints of the soot morphological effects and provides a possible aging scale along with their transport pathway. These new findings will be helpful to improve optical calculations and regional climate modeling of soot particles during their transport in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Tracing the evolution of morphology and mixing state of soot particles along with the movement of an Asian dust storm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Xu ◽  
Satoshi Fukushima ◽  
Sophie Sobanska ◽  
Kotaro Murata ◽  
Ayumi Naganuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Optical Calculation ◽  
Aerosol Types

Abstract. Tracing the aging progress of soot particles during transport is highly challenging. An Asian dust event could provide an ideal opportunity to trace the continuous aging progress of long-range transported soot particles. Here, we collected individual aerosol particles at an inland urban site (T1) and a coastal urban site (T2) in China and a coastal site (T3) in southwestern Japan during an Asian dust event. Microscopic analysis showed that the number fraction of soot-bearing particles increased from 19 % to 22 % from T1 to T2 in China but surprisingly increased to 56 % at T3 in Japan. The dominant fresh soot (71 %) at T1 became partially embedded (70 %) at T2 and fully embedded (84 %) at T3. These results indicated that the soot particles had lower deposition than other aerosol types and became more aged from T1 to T3. The fractal dimension of the soot particles slightly changed from 1.74 at T1 and 1.78 at T2 but significantly became 1.91 at T3. We found that the soot morphology compressed depending on secondary coating thickness and relative humidity. Moreover, we observed a unique mixing structure at T3 that tiny soot particles were seemly broken from large ones cross the East China Sea and distributed in organic coatings instead of sulfate core in particles. Our study provide important constraints of the morphological effects to better understand changes of microscopic structures of soot. These new findings will be helpful to improve optical calculation and modeling of soot particles and their regional climate effects in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Urban Climates and Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéry Masson ◽  
Aude Lemonsu ◽  
Julia Hidalgo ◽  
James Voogt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Climatology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Global Agenda

Cities are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather episodes, which are expected to increase with climate change. Cities also influence their own local climate, for example, through the relative warming known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This review discusses urban climate features (even in complex terrain) and processes. We then present state-of-the-art methodologies on the generalization of a common urban neighborhood classification for UHI studies, as well as recent developments in observation systems and crowdsourcing approaches. We discuss new modeling paradigms pertinent to climate impact studies, with a focus on building energetics and urban vegetation. In combination with regional climate modeling, new methods benefit the variety of climate scenarios and models to provide pertinent information at urban scale. Finally, this article presents how recent research in urban climatology contributes to the global agenda on cities and climate change.

The state of the art and fundamental aspects of regional climate modeling in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 1436 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tércio Ambrizzi ◽  
Michelle Simões Reboita ◽  
Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha ◽  
Marta Llopart
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
The State

Generating long-term high-resolution land-use change datasets for regional climate modeling in CORDEX domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoffmann ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
Vanessa Reinhart ◽  
Christina Asmus ◽  
Edouard L. Davin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Modeling Studies

<p>Land-use and land cover (LULC) are continuously changing due to environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. Many observational and modeling studies show that LULC changes are important drivers altering land surface feedbacks and land-atmosphere exchange processes that have substantial impact on climate on the regional and local scale. Yet, most long-term regional climate modeling studies do not account for these changes. Therefore, within the WCRP CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (Land Use Change Across Scales) a new workflow was developed to generate high-resolution annual land cover change time series based on past reconstructions and future projections. First, the high-resolution global land cover dataset ESA-CCI LC (~300 m resolution) is aggregated and converted to a 0.1° resolution, fractional plant functional type (PFT) dataset. Second, the land use change information from the land-use harmonized dataset (LUH2), provided at 0.25° resolution as input for CMIP6 experiments, is translated into PFT changes employing a newly developed land use translator (LUT). The new LUT was first applied to the EURO-CORDEX domain. The resulting LULC maps for past and future - the LUCAS LUC dataset - can be applied as land use forcing to the next generation RCM simulations for downscaling CMIP6 by the EURO-CORDEX community and in the framework of FPS LUCAS. The dataset includes land cover and land management practices changes important for the regional and local scale such as urbanization and irrigation. The LUCAS LUC workflow is applied to further CORDEX domains, such as Australasia and North America. The resulting past and future land cover changes will be presented, and challenges regarding the application of the new workflow to different regions will be addressed. In addition, issues related to the implementation of the dataset into different RCMs will be discussed.</p>

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