scholarly journals Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields from the Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia M. Charan ◽  
Reina S. Buenconsejo ◽  
John H. Seinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation ◽  
Urban Conditions

Abstract. Recent inventory-based analysis suggests that emissions of volatile chemical products in urban areas are now competitive with those from the transportation sector. Understanding the potential for secondary organic aerosol formation from these volatile chemical products is, therefore, critical to predicting levels of aerosol and for formulating policy to reduce aerosol exposure. It is clear that a plethora of oxygenated compounds are either emitted directly into the atmosphere or emitted indoors and later escape into the outdoors. Experimental and computationally simulated environmental chamber data provide an understanding of aerosol yield and chemistry under relevant urban conditions (5–200 ppb NO and 291–312 K) and give insight into the effect of volatile chemical products on the production of secondary organic aerosol. Benzyl alcohol, one of these volatile chemical products, is found to have a large secondary organic aerosol formation potential. At NO concentrations of ~ 80 ppb and 291 K, secondary organic aerosol mass yields for benzyl alcohol can reach 1.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol yields from the oxidation of benzyl alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 13167-13190
Author(s):  
Sophia M. Charan ◽  
Reina S. Buenconsejo ◽  
John H. Seinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation ◽  
Urban Conditions

Abstract. Recent inventory-based analysis suggests that emissions of volatile chemical products in urban areas are competitive with those from the transportation sector. Understanding the potential for secondary organic aerosol formation from these volatile chemical products is therefore critical to predicting levels of aerosol and for formulating policy to reduce aerosol exposure. Experimental and computationally simulated environmental chamber data provide an understanding of aerosol yield and chemistry under relevant urban conditions (5–200 ppb NO and 291–312 K) and give insight into the effect of volatile chemical products on the production of secondary organic aerosol. Benzyl alcohol, one of these volatile chemical products, is found to have a large secondary organic aerosol formation potential. At NO concentrations of ∼ 80 ppb and 291 K, secondary organic aerosol mass yields for benzyl alcohol can reach 1.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol formation from reaction of tertiary amines with nitrate radical

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16585-16608 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Erupe ◽  
D. J. Price ◽  
P. J. Silva ◽  
Q. G. J. Malloy ◽  
L. Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol formation from the reaction of tertiary amines with nitrate radical was investigated in an indoor environmental chamber. Particle chemistry was monitored using a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer while gas-phase species were detected using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer. Trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine were studied. Results indicate that tributylamine forms the most aerosol mass followed by trimethylamine and triethylamine respectively. Spectra from the aerosol mass spectrometer indicate the formation of complex non-salt aerosol products. We propose a reaction mechanism that proceeds via abstraction of a proton by nitrate radical followed by RO2 chemistry. Rearrangement of the aminyl alkoxy radical through hydrogen shift leads to the formation of hydroxylated amides, which explain most of the higher mass ions in the mass spectra. These experiments show that oxidation of tertiary amines by nitrate radical may be an important night-time source of secondary organic aerosol.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6101-6116 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Nordin ◽  
A. C. Eriksson ◽  
P. Roldin ◽  
P. T. Nilsson ◽  
J. E. Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Smog Chamber ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from three passenger vehicles (EURO2–EURO4) were investigated with photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out down to atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization instruments included a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind of urban areas. After a cumulative OH exposure of ~5 × 106 cm−3 h, the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 43), approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher-order aromatic compounds such as C10 and C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes. We conclude that approaches using only light aromatic precursors give an incomplete picture of the magnitude of SOA formation and the SOA composition from gasoline exhaust.

scholarly journals Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from in-Use Motor Vehicle Emissions Using a Potential Aerosol Mass Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (19) ◽  
pp. 11235-11242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Tkacik ◽  
Andrew T. Lambe ◽  
Shantanu Jathar ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Albert A. Presto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

scholarly journals Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Oxidation of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane at Atmospherically Relevant OH Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia M. Charan ◽  
Yuanlong Huang ◽  
Reina S. Buenconsejo ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
David R. Cocker III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Outdoor Concentration ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5, C10H30O5Si5) is measured at ppt levels outdoors and ppb levels indoors. Primarily used in personal care products, its outdoor concentration is correlated to population density. Since understanding the aerosol formation potential of volatile chemical products is critical to understanding particulate matter in urban areas, the secondary organic aerosol yield of D5 was studied under a range of OH concentrations, OH exposures, NOx concentrations, and temperatures. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield from the oxidation of D5 is extremely dependent on the OH concentration, and differing measurements of the SOA yield from the literature are resolved in this study. Here, we compare experimental results from environmental chambers and flow tube reactors. Generally, there are high SOA yields (> 68 %) at OH mixing ratios of 5 × 109 molec cm−3. At atmospherically relevant OH concentrations, the SOA yield is largely < 5 % and usually ~1 %. This is significantly lower than SOA yields used in emission and particulate matter inventories and demonstrates the necessity of OH concentrations similar to the ambient environment when extrapolating SOA yield data to the outdoor atmosphere.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 31725-31765 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Nordin ◽  
A. C. Eriksson ◽  
P. Roldin ◽  
P. T. Nilsson ◽  
J. E. Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Smog Chamber ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Cold Starts

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles have elevated emissions of volatile organic compounds during cold starts and idling and have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from one Euro II, one Euro III and one Euro IV passenger vehicles were investigated using photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out at atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization methods included a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind urban areas. After 4 h aging the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the Primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 4 3) approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher order aromatic compounds such as C10, C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes.

scholarly journals Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 18247-18261
Author(s):  
Elyse A. Pennington ◽  
Karl M. Seltzer ◽  
Benjamin N. Murphy ◽  
Momei Qin ◽  
John H. Seinfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract. Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that are an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant timescales and include many species that are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly that of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend to underpredict SOA concentrations in urban areas. Here we develop a model to represent SOA formation from VCP emissions. The model incorporates a new VCP emissions inventory and employs three new classes of emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, and nonoxygenated IVOCs. VCPs are estimated to produce 1.67 µg m−3 of noontime SOA, doubling the current model predictions and reducing the SOA mass concentration bias from −75 % to −58 % when compared to observations in Los Angeles in 2010. While oxygenated and nonoxygenated intermediate-volatility VCP species are emitted in similar quantities, SOA formation is dominated by the nonoxygenated IVOCs. Formaldehyde and SOA show similar relationships to temperature and bias signatures, indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests that VCPs contribute up to half of anthropogenic SOA in Los Angeles and models must better represent SOA precursors from VCPs to predict the urban enhancement of SOA.

scholarly journals Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse A. Pennington ◽  
Karl M. Seltzer ◽  
Benjamin N. Murphy ◽  
Momei Qin ◽  
John H. Seinfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract. Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly-used consumer and industrial items that are an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant time scales and include many species that are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly that of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend to underpredict SOA concentrations in urban areas. Here we develop a model to represent SOA formation from VCP emissions. The model incorporates a new VCP emissions inventory and employs three new classes of emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, and nonoxygenated IVOCs. VCPs are estimated to produce 1.67 μg m−3 of noontime SOA, doubling the current model predictions and reducing the SOA mass concentration bias from −75 % to −58 % when compared to observations in Los Angeles in 2010. While oxygenated and nonoxygenated intermediate volatility VCP species are emitted in similar quantities, SOA formation is dominated by the nonoxygenated IVOCs. Formaldehyde and SOA show similar relationships to temperature and bias signatures indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests that VCPs contribute up to half of anthropogenic SOA in Los Angeles and models must better represent SOA precursors from VCPs to predict the urban enhancement of SOA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document