scholarly journals Exploring earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Satellite Constellation ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Satellite Missions

Abstract. The launch of the proof-of-concept mission GPS/MET in 1995 began a revolution in profiling earth's atmosphere through radio occultation (RO). GPS/MET; subsequent single-satellite missions CHAMP, SAC-C, GRACE, METOP-A, and TerraSAR-X; and the six-satellite constellation, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, have proven the theoretical capabilities of RO to provide accurate and precise profiles of electron density in the ionosphere and refractivity, containing information on temperature and water vapor, in the stratosphere and troposphere. This paper summarizes results from these RO missions and the applications of RO observations to atmospheric research and operational weather analysis and prediction.

scholarly journals Exploring Earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Gravity Recovery

Abstract. The launch of the proof-of-concept mission GPS/MET (Global Positioning System/Meteorology) in 1995 began a revolution in profiling Earth's atmosphere through radio occultation (RO). GPS/MET; subsequent single-satellite missions CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), SAC-C (Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), METOP-A, and TerraSAR-X (Beyerle et al., 2010); and the six-satellite constellation, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Formosa Satellite mission {#}3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) have proven the theoretical capabilities of RO to provide accurate and precise profiles of electron density in the ionosphere and refractivity, containing information on temperature and water vapor, in the stratosphere and troposphere. This paper summarizes results from these RO missions and the applications of RO observations to atmospheric research and operational weather analysis and prediction.

Initial Results of Radio Occultation Observations of Earth's Atmosphere Using the Global Positioning System

Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5252) ◽  
pp. 1107-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kursinski ◽  
G. A. Hajj ◽  
W. I. Bertiger ◽  
S. S. Leroy ◽  
T. K. Meehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Initial Results

Low-Earth-Orbit observations for space weather and space climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Zakharenkova ◽  
Iurii Cherniak ◽  
Sergey Sokolovskiy ◽  
William Schreiner ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Plasma Density ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Ionospheric Plasma ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Ionospheric Plasma Density

<p>Many of the modern Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites are now equipped with dual-frequency GPS receivers for Radio Occultation (RO) and Precise Orbit Determination (POD). The space-borne GPS measurements can be successfully utilized for ionospheric climatology and space weather monitoring. The combination of GPS measurements, which include RO observations and POD measurements from the upward-looking GPS antenna, provides information about electron density distribution (profile) below the satellite orbit and an integrated Total Electron Content (TEC) above the satellite representing an important data source for electron density climatology above the F2 layer peak on a global scale. We demonstrate the advantages of using space-borne LEO GPS measurements, both RO and upward-looking, for Space Weather activity monitoring including specification of ionospheric plasma density structures at different altitudinal domains of the ionosphere in quiet and disturbed conditions. After the great success of the COSMIC-1 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) mission operating since 2006, the six COSMIC-2 satellites were launched into a 24 deg inclination orbit in June 2019. The COSMIC-2 scientific payloads with the advanced Tri-GNSS Radio-Occultation Receiver System provide multiple observation types including multi-GNSS TEC (limb and overhead), RO electron density profiles, amplitude/phase scintillation indices, in-situ ion densities and velocities. The COSMIC-2 advanced instruments allow detection of ionospheric plasma density structures of various scales, and the monitoring of high-rate amplitude and phase scintillations both above and below a satellite orbit. The COSMIC-2 multi-instrumental observations will contribute to a better understanding of the equatorial ionosphere morphology and future forecasting of ionospheric irregularities and radio wave scintillations that harmfully affect satellite-to-Earth communication and navigation systems. We present results of post-event analyses for severe space weather events demonstrating a great potential and contribution of the COSMIC-1/2 missions in combination with the ground-based GNSS receivers and other LEO missions like C/NOFS, DMSP, MetOp, TerraSAR-X, and Swarm for monitoring the space weather effects in the Earth’s ionosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Absorption of solar radiation by water vapor, oxygen, and related collision pairs in the Earth's atmosphere

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D4) ◽  
pp. 3847-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Solomon ◽  
R. W. Portmann ◽  
R. W. Sanders ◽  
J. S. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

scholarly journals Reconstruction of internal gravity wave parameters from radio occultation retrievals of vertical temperature profiles in the Earth's atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2153-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Gubenko ◽  
A. G. Pavelyev ◽  
R. R. Salimzyanov ◽  
A. A. Pavelyev
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Internal Gravity Wave ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Abstract. A new method for the reconstruction of internal gravity wave (IGW) parameters from a single vertical temperature profile measurement in the Earth's atmosphere has been developed. This method does not require any additional information not contained in the profile and may be used for the analysis of profiles measured by various techniques. The criterion for the IGW identification has been formulated and argued. In the case when this criterion is satisfied, then analyzed temperature fluctuations can be considered as wave-induced. The method is based on the analysis of relative amplitude thresholds of the temperature wave field and on the linear IGW saturation theory in which amplitude thresholds are restricted by dynamical (shear) instability processes in the atmosphere. When the amplitude of an internal gravity wave reaches the shear instability limit, energy is assumed to be dissipated in such a way that the amplitude is maintained at the instability limit as the wave propagates upwards. In order to approbate the method we have used data of simultaneous high-resolution balloon measurements of the temperature and wind velocity in the Earth's stratosphere over France where a long-period inertia-gravity wave has been detected. Using the radiosonde temperature data only, we have reconstructed all wave parameters, which were determined by radiosondes, with relative deviations not larger than 30%. An application of the method to the radio occultation (RO) data has given the possibility to identify the IGWs in the Earth's stratosphere and to determine the magnitudes of key wave parameters such as the intrinsic frequency, amplitudes of vertical and horizontal perturbations of the wind velocity, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase (and group) speeds, kinetic and potential energy, vertical fluxes of the wave energy and horizontal momentum. The obtained results of internal wave studies in the Earth's stratosphere deduced from the COSMIC and CHAMP GPS occultation temperature profiles are presented and discussed.

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