Kinetic simulations of the Jovian ion circulation around Ganymede and space weather implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Plainaki ◽  
Stefano Massetti ◽  
Xianzhe Jia ◽  
Alessandro Mura ◽  
Milillo Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Observation Strategies

<p>The exosphere of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede is the interface region linking the moon’s icy surface to Jupiter’s magnetospheric environment. Space weather phenomena driven by the variability of the radiation environment within the Jupiter system can have a direct impact on the sputtering-induced exosphere of Ganymede.</p><p>In this work we simulate the Jovian ion precipitation to Ganymede’s surface for different moon orbital phases around Jupiter. In particular, we consider three different configurations between Ganymede’s magnetic field and Jupiter plasma sheet, similar to those encountered during the Galileo G2, G8, and G28 flyby (i.e., the moon above, inside, below the Jupiter plasma sheet). We discuss the differences between the various ion precipitation patterns and the implications in the density distribution of the sputtered-water exosphere of this moon. We also comment the possible relation of these ion precipitation patterns with the surface brightness asymmetries both between Ganymede’s polar cap and equatorial regions and between the leading and trailing hemispheres. The results of this preliminary analysis are relevant to the JUICE mission and in particular to the preparation of the future observation strategies for the environment of Ganymede.</p>

scholarly journals Space weather challenges of the polar cap ionosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. A02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jøran Moen ◽  
Kjellmar Oksavik ◽  
Lucilla Alfonsi ◽  
Yvonne Daabakk ◽  
Vineenzo Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Polar Cap

The ionizing radiation environment on the moon

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Adams ◽  
M. Bhattacharya ◽  
Z.W. Lin ◽  
G. Pendleton ◽  
J.W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
The Moon

scholarly journals Reliable real-time Polar Cap (PC) indices for space weather monitoring and forecasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. A49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stauning
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
International Association ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
General Basis ◽  
Index Calculation

The Polar Cap (PC) indices were approved by the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeromony (IAGA) by Resolution No. 3 (2013) noting that “IAGA … recommends use of the PC index by the international scientific community in its near-real time and definitive forms”. PC indices were made available in 2014 at the web portal http://pcindex.org holding near-real time as well as final index values. The near-real time PC index values are not permanently available. However, analyses of indices on basis of occasional downloads have detected differences between near-real time and final PC indices of up to 3.65 mV/m (Stauning, 2018b, Ann Geophys, 36, 621–631). At such differences, one or the other index may indicate (or hide) strong geomagnetic activity without justification in the actual conditions. The present work has disclosed the cause of observed large differences between real-time and final PC index values in the IAGA-endorsed versions. In addition, anticipated differences are derived on a general basis from the available basic magnetic data by using the index calculation procedures and calibration constants provided by the PC index suppliers. It is shown that corresponding or even larger anomalies are expected to be common during moderate to strong magnetic activity where the near-real time PC indices might otherwise prove very useful for space weather monitoring, e.g., for power grid protection. An alternative real-time PC index derivation scheme described here reduces the excessive differences between real-time and final PC index values by an order of magnitude.

scholarly journals Radiation environment at the Moon: Comparisons of transport code modeling and measurements from the CRaTER instrument

Space Weather ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Porter ◽  
Lawrence W. Townsend ◽  
Harlan Spence ◽  
Michael Golightly ◽  
Nathan Schwadron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Transport Code

scholarly journals Simulation study of the energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging monitoring of the geomagnetosphere on a lunar base

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Yu Qing-Long ◽  
Zhou Ping ◽  
Zhang Xin ◽  
Zhang Xian-Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Energy Channel

Since the moon’s revolution cycle is exactly the same as its rotation cycle, we can only see the moon always facing Earth in the same direction. Based on the clean particle radiation environment of the moon, a neutral atomic telemetry base station could be established on the lunar surface facing Earth to realize long-term continuous geomagnetic activity monitoring. Using the 20°×20° field of view, the 0.5°×0.5° angle resolution, and the ~0.17 cm²sr geometric factor, a two-dimensional ENA imager is being designed. The magnetospheric ring current simulation at a 4–20 keV energy channel for a medium geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) shows the following: 1) at ~60 Rᴇ (Rᴇ is the Earth radius), the imager can collect 10⁴ ENA events for 3 min to meet the statistical requirements for 2D coded imaging data inversion, so as to meet requirements for the analysis of the substorm ring current evolution process of magnetic storms above medium; 2) the ENA radiation loss puzzles in the magnetopause and magnetotail plasma sheet regions have been deduced and revealed using the 2-D ENA emission model. High spatial-temporal resolution ENA imaging monitoring of these two important regions will provide the measurement basis for the solar wind energy input process and generation mechanism; 3) the average sampling interval of ENA particle events is about 16 ms at the moon’s orbit; the spectral time difference for the set energy range is on the order of minutes, which can provide location information to track the trigger of geomagnetic storm particle events.

MODELING OF THE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ON THE MOON

2011 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI DE ANGELIS ◽  
FRANCIS F. BADAVI ◽  
JOHN M. CLEM ◽  
STEVE R. BLATTNIG ◽  
MARTHA S. CLOWDSLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
The Moon

scholarly journals The Σ − D relation for planetary nebulae: Preliminary analysis

2007 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Urosevic ◽  
B. Vukotic ◽  
B. Arbutina ◽  
D. Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Planetary Nebulae

An analysis of the relation between radio surface brightness and diameter, so-called ? ? D relation, for planetary nebulae (PNe) is presented: i) the theoretical ? ? D relation for the evolution of bremsstrahlung surface brightness is derived; ii) contrary to the results obtained earlier for the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) samples, our results show that the updated sample of Galactic PNe does not severely suffer from volume selection effect - Malmquist bias (same as for the extragalactic SNR samples) and; iii) we conclude that the empirical S ? D relation for PNe derived in this paper is not useful for valid determination of distances for all observed PNe with unknown distances. .

scholarly journals Monitoring, analysis and post-casting of the Earth’s particle radiation environment during February 14–March 5, 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. A29
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kalegaev ◽  
Mikhail Panasyuk ◽  
Irina Myagkova ◽  
Yulia Shugay ◽  
Natalia Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Satellite Measurement ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Operational Models

Internet-based system of Space Monitoring Data Center (SMDC) of Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University (SINP MSU) has been developed to predict and analyze radiation conditions in near-Earth space. This system contains satellite measurement databases and operational models and devoted to collect, store and process space weather monitoring data in the near real-time. SMDC operational services acquire data from ACE, SDO, GOES, Electro-L, Meteor-M satellites and use them for forecasting, now-casting and post-casting of space weather factors. This paper is intended to give overview of operational services of SMDC Internet-based system and demonstrate their possibilities and limitations to analyze space weather phenomena and predict radiation and geomagnetic conditions in the near-Earth space during February 14–March 5, 2014. This prolonged period of high level solar and geomagnetic activity demonstrates various manifestations of the space weather: solar proton events, geomagnetic storms and outer radiation belt (RB) dynamics. Solar sources of interplanetary space disturbances and their influence on geomagnetic and radiation state of the Earth’s magnetosphere were described using output coming from SMDC’ Web-based applications. Validation of SMDC’s operational models was performed based on the quality of description of the physical conditions in near-Earth space during space weather events observed from February 14 to March 5, 2014. The advantages and disadvantages of SMDC operational services are illustrated and discussed based on comparison with data obtained from satellites.

Assessment of the radiation environment on the Moon

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1440-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Denisov ◽  
N.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
R.A. Nymmik ◽  
M.I. Panasyuk ◽  
N.M. Sobolevsky
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
The Moon

Severe Space Weather: Simulations of Scaled-Up Storms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Raeder ◽  
Beket Tulegenov ◽  
William Douglas Cramer ◽  
Kai Germaschewswski ◽  
Banafsheh Ferdousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Quiet Sun ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Extreme Space Weather Events

<p>Extreme space weather events are extremely rare, but pose a significant threat to our infrastructure. The one known event of such kind was the Carrington storm of 1859, but it was not well documented; in particular the solar wind and IMF conditions that caused it remain guesses. On the other hand, the STEREO-A observations of July 23, 2012 showed solar wind and IMF parameters that are most likely comparable to those of the Carrington event, and remind us that such extreme events are very well possible even during times of a quiet sun. Here, we use OpenGGCM simulations of such events to assess the effects of such solar wind and IMF on the magnetosphere. Precious work has shown that during the much more benign Halloween storm the nose of the magnetopause was as close as 4.9 RE, with an accordingly large polar cap. We will present simulations of a sequence of scaled-up storms with increasingly larger driving and demonstrate the further expansion of the polar cap, intensity of plasma injections, and the eventual saturation. In addition, we will show how the ionosphere potential penetrates to lower latitudes and affects the ionosphere and thermosphere at mid latitudes when the solar wind drivers become extreme.</p>

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