scholarly journals Quality control procedures and methods of the CARINA database

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
A. Velo ◽  
A. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Technical Details

Abstract. Data on the carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously not publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new data base: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. All CARINA data were subject to primary QC; a process in which data are studied in order to identify outliers and obvious errors. Additionally, secondary QC was performed for several of the measured parameters in the CARINA data base. Secondary QC is a process in which the data are objectively studied in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. This process involved crossover analysis, and as a second step the offsets derived from the crossover analysis were used to calculate corrections of the parameters measured on individual cruises using least square models. Significant biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files containing measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three regions (i.e. Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean). Here we report on the technical details of the quality control and on tools that have been developed and used during the project, including procedures for crossover analysis and least square models. Furthermore, an interactive website for uploading of results, plots, comments etc. was developed and was of critical importance for the success of the project, this is also described here.

scholarly journals Quality control procedures and methods of the CARINA database

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
A. Velo ◽  
A. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Technical Details

Abstract. Data on the carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously not publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new data base: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. All CARINA data were subject to primary QC; a process in which data are studied in order to identify outliers and obvious errors. Additionally, secondary QC was performed for several of the measured parameters in the CARINA data base. Secondary QC is a process in which the data are objectively studied in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. This process involved crossover analysis, and as a second step the offsets derived from the crossover analysis were used to calculate corrections of the parameters measured on individual cruises using least square models. Significant biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files containing measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three regions (i.e. Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean). Here we report on the technical details of the quality control and on tools that have been developed and used during the project, including procedures for crossover analysis and least square models. Furthermore, an interactive website for uploading of results, plots, comments etc. was developed and was of critical importance for the success of the project, this is also described here.

scholarly journals CARINA TCO<sub>2</sub> data in the Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pierrot ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
S. Van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
U. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged in a new data base: the CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) Project. These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures so as to improve the quality and consistency of the data as much as possible. Secondary quality control, which involved objective study of data in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, was performed for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA data base. Systematic biases in the data have been tentatively corrected in the data products. The products are three merged data files with measured, adjusted and interpolated data of all cruises for each of the three CARINA regions (Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean). Ninety-eight cruises were conducted in the "Atlantic" defined as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we report the details of the secondary QC which was done on the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) data and the adjustments that were applied to yield the final data product in the Atlantic. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to TCO2 measurements for 17 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments, the CARINA data base is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the WOCE Hydrographic Program in the 1990s, and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, regional oceanic carbon inventories, uptake rates and model validation.

scholarly journals CARINA TCO<sub>2</sub> data in the Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pierrot ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
S. Van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
U. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged in a new data base: the CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) Project. These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. Secondary quality control, which involved objective study of data in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, was performed for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA data base. Systematic biases in the data have been corrected in the data products. The products are three merged data files with measured, adjusted and interpolated data of all cruises for each of the three CARINA regions (Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean). Ninety-eight cruises were conducted in the "Atlantic" defined as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we report the details of the secondary QC which was done on the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) data and the adjustments that were applied to yield the final data product in the Atlantic. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to TCO2 measurements for 17 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments, the CARINA data base is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the WOCE Hydrographic Program in the 1990s, and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, regional oceanic carbon inventories, uptake rates and model validation.

scholarly journals CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Velo ◽  
F. F. Pérez ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Oceanic Carbon ◽  
Inversion Analysis

Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; AMS, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 59 reported pH measured values. Here we present details of the secondary QC on pH for the CARINA database. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis of all crossover data are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to the pH values for 21 of the cruises in the CARINA dataset. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA pH data to be 0.005 pH units. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

scholarly journals Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA data base in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Sabine ◽  
M. Hoppema ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
B. Tilbrook ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Control Procedures

Abstract. The CARINA project is aimed at gathering and providing secondary quality control checks on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and geochemical data from cruises all across the Atlantic, Arctic and Southern Ocean. In total the project gathered 188 cruises that were not previously available to the public. Of these 188 cruises, 37 are part of the Southern Ocean. Parameters from the Southern Ocean cruises, including total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, were examined for cruise-to-cruise consistency. pH and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also part of the data base, but are not discussed here. This paper focuses on the quality control of the Southern Ocean data from the Pacific sector which consisted of 29 cruises of which 17 were included in a previous synthesis called GLODAP, 11 were new cruises from the CARINA dataset, and one cruise was included in GLODAP but was updated with new data and therefore also included in CARINA. The Pacific sector quality control procedures included crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data. The GLODAP data were included into the analysis as reference cruises but without applying the GLODAP recommended adjustments so the corrections could be independently verified. The outcome of this effort is an internally consistent, high-quality carbon data set for all cruises, including the reference cruises.

scholarly journals Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA data base in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Sabine ◽  
M. Hoppema ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
B. Tilbrook ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Control Procedures

Abstract. The CARINA project is aimed at gathering and providing secondary quality control checks on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and geochemical data from cruises all across the Atlantic, Arctic and Southern Ocean. In total the project gathered 188 cruises that were not previously available to the public. Of these 188 cruises, 37 are part of the Southern Ocean. Parameters from the Southern Ocean cruises, including total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, were examined for cruise-to-cruise consistency. pH and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also part of the data base, but are not discussed here. This paper focuses on the quality control of the Southern Ocean data from the Pacific sector which consisted of 29 cruises of which 17 were included in a previous synthesis called GLODAP, 11 were new cruises from the CARINA dataset, and one cruise was included in GLODAP but was updated with new data and therefore also included in CARINA. The Pacific sector quality control procedures included crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data. The GLODAP data were included into the analysis as reference cruises but without applying the GLODAP recommended adjustments so the corrections could be independently verified. The outcome of this effort is an internally consistent, high-quality carbon data set for all cruises, including the reference cruises.

scholarly journals Atlantic Ocean CARINA data: overview and salinity adjustments

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
R. Steinfeldt ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
N. Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Control Procedures

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have gone through rigorous quality control procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions, i.e. Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Ninety-eight of the cruises in the CARINA database were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean, defined here as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we present an overview of the Atlantic Ocean synthesis of the CARINA data and the adjustments that were applied to the data product. We also report details of the secondary QC for salinity for this data set. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments to salinity measurements were applied to the data from 10 cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA-ATL salinity data to be 4.1 ppm. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s (Key et al., 2004), and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

scholarly journals CARINA: nutrient data in the Atlantic Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
P. J. Brown ◽  
R. M. Key
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Nutrient Data

Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA data base were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 98 were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean and of these 84 cruises report nitrate values, 79 silicate, and 78 phosphate. Here we present details of the secondary QC for nutrients for the Atlantic Ocean part of CARINA. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis of all crossover data are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to the nutrient values for 43 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s (Key et al., 2004). Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA-ATL nutrient data to be: nitrate 1.5%; phosphate 2.6%; silicate 3.1%. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

scholarly journals CARINA: nutrient data in the Atlantic Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
P. J. Brown ◽  
R. M. Key
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Nutrient Data

Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA data base were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 98 were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean and of these 84 cruises report nitrate values, 79 silicate, and 78 phosphate. Here we present details of the secondary QC for nutrients for the Atlantic Ocean part of CARINA. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis of all crossover data are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to the nutrient values for 43 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s (Key et al., 2004). Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA-ATL nutrient data to be: nitrate 1.5%; phosphate 2.6%; silicate 3.1%. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

scholarly journals CARINA alkalinity data in the Atlantic Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Velo ◽  
F. F. Perez ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
U. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Systematic Biases

Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA data base were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 98 were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean and of these, 75 cruises report alkalinity values. Here we present details of the secondary QC on alkalinity for the Atlantic Ocean part of CARINA. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis of all crossover data are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to the alkalinity values for 16 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA-ATL alkalinity data to be 3.3 μmol kg−1. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

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