Investigating beach erosion related with tsunami  sediment transport at Phra Thong Island, Thailand,  caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused large-scale topographic changes in coastal areas. Whereas much research has focused on coastlines that have or had large human populations, little focus has been paid to coastlines that have little or no infrastructure. The importance of examining erosional and depositional mechanisms of tsunami events lies in the rapid reorganization that coastlines must undertake immediately after an event. A thorough understanding of the pre-event conditions is paramount to understanding the natural reconstruction of the coastal environment. This study examines the location of sediment erosion and deposition during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami event on the relatively pristine Phra Thong Island, Thailand. Coupled with satellite imagery, we use numerical simulations and sediment transportation models to determine the locations of significant erosion and the areas where much of that sediment was redeposited during the tsunami inundation and backwash processes. Our modeling approach suggests that beaches located in two regions on Phra Thong Island were significantly eroded by the 2004 tsunami, predominantly during the backwash phase of the first and largest wave to strike the island. Although 2004 tsunami deposits are found on the island, we demonstrate that most of the sediment was deposited in the shallow coastal area, facilitating quick recovery of the beach when normal coastal processes resumed.

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Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

10.5194/nhess-2019-263 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ryota Masaya ◽

Anawat Suppasri ◽

Kei Yamashita ◽

Fumihiko Imamura ◽

Chris Gouramanis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Large Scale ◽

Beach Erosion ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Human Populations ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Quick Recovery ◽

Sediment Deposits ◽

Tsunami Sediment ◽

2004 Tsunami

Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami caused large-scale topographic changes in coastal areas. Whereas much research has focused on coastlines that have or had large human populations, little focus has been paid on coastlines that have little or no infrastructure. The importance of examining erosional and depositional mechanisms of tsunami events lies in the rapid reorganisation that coastlines must undertake immediately after an event. Through understanding the precursor conditions to this reorganisation is paramount to the reconstruction of the coastal environment. This study examines the locations of sediment erosion and deposition during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami event on the relatively pristine Phra Thong Island, Thailand. Coupled with satellite imagery, we use numerical simulations and sediment transportation models to determine the locations of significant erosion and the areas where much of that sediment was redeposited during the tsunami inundation and backwash processes. Our modelling approach confirms that beaches on Phra Thong Island were significantly eroded by the 2004 tsunami, predominantly during the backwash phase of the first and largest wave to strike the island. Although 2004 tsunami sediment deposits are found on the island, we demonstrate that most of the sediment was deposited in the shallow coastal area, facilitating quick recovery of the beach when normal coastal processes resume.

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The Panglima Laot of Aceh: a case study in large-scale community-based marine management after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605312000191 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Crispen Wilson ◽

Matthew Linkie

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Government Officials ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Marine Management ◽

Data Points

AbstractDespite dating back over 400 years the relevance of traditional fisheries management in Aceh, Indonesia, still remains high. Aceh was, however, greatly affected by the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that claimed an estimated 167,000 lives, including 14,000 fishermen and 59 of the 193 traditional marine leaders (Panglima Laot). This tragic loss of life was accompanied by a substantial loss of local knowledge, such as the locations of hazardous fishing grounds. In this study we describe an innovative project that sought to rebuild a post-tsunami fisheries sector by re-engaging and empowering the Panglima Laot. During April–June 2008 GPS (global positioning system) sounding devices were installed on 53 local fishing boats and hazardous fishing areas mapped based on local knowledge, and shared amongst fishermen. During July–December 2008 nearly five million GPS data points were collected, from which detailed bathymetric maps were produced and shared between fishermen and Aceh government officials. Significant project outputs included a map of fishing areas over 20,000 km2, which included three new seamounts, one of which expanded Aceh's provincial boundary by > 1.3 million ha, and a Panglima Laot decree that reduced fishing in hazardous areas of high coral density by 23.3%. Our findings have wide applicability. Locally, the introduction of GPS technology and sharing of traditional knowledge resulted in fishermen developing and implementing their own management strategies and demonstrating their ability to stay out of restricted areas. Provincially, this project provided a framework through which government agencies and academic institutions could effectively engage with local customary leaders and their fishing communities.

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Review comments on “Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami”

10.5194/nhess-2019-263-rc2 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Beach Erosion ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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Review of nhess-nhess-2019-263 - Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami by Msaya et al.

10.5194/nhess-2019-263-rc1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Costa

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Beach Erosion ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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'Review of “Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

10.5194/nhess-2019-263-rc3 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Beach Erosion ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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Verification of Disaster Management Information on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Using Virtual Tsunami Warning System

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2011.p0212 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 212-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomoyuki Takahashi ◽

◽

Tomohiro Konuma ◽

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Warning System ◽

Tsunami Warning ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Management Information ◽

Tsunami Warning System ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

2004 Tsunami

There is still no tsunami warning systemprotecting the shores of the Indian Ocean, but imagine that a tsunami warning system had been in operation at the time of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. What disaster management information would have been issued for this tsunami ? This paper first proposes four tsunamimodels based on the earthquake information issued by different institutions. Next, setting these tsunami models as the initial condition, tsunami simulations are conducted to find the height of the tsunami striking the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a result, it is indicated that because the tsunami model immediately after occurrence of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and the Indian Ocean tsunami calculated from this model are underestimated, appropriate tsunami warnings would most probably not have been issued before the 2004 tsunami struck land.

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Cash Grants in Humanitarian Assistance: A Nongovernmental Organization Experience in Aceh, Indonesia, Following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1097/dmp.0b013e318170b5b4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 95-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shannon Doocy ◽

Diane Johnson ◽

Courtland Robinson

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Humanitarian Assistance ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Humanitarian Relief ◽

Short Term ◽

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Humanitarian Response ◽

Grant Program ◽

2004 Tsunami ◽

Cash Grant

ABSTRACTBackground: Historically, cash interventions, as opposed to material or in-kind aid, have been relatively uncommon in the humanitarian response to emergencies. The widespread implementation of cash-based programs following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami provided an opportunity to examine cash distributions following disasters. The Mercy Corps cash grant program in Aceh, Indonesia, was a short-term intervention intended to assist in recompensing losses from the December 2004 tsunami.Methods: An evaluation of the Mercy Corps cash grant program was conducted for the 12-month period following the tsunami using program monitoring data and a systematic survey of cash grant beneficiaries.Results: in 2005, the cash grant program disbursed more than US$3.3 million to more than 53,000 beneficiaries; the average cash grant award was US$6390, which was shared by an average of 108 beneficiaries. In a beneficiary survey, more than 95% of respondents reported the grant allocation processes were fair and transparent and that grant funds were received.Conclusions: The Mercy Corps experience with cash programs suggests that cash interventions in the emergency context, when properly administered, can have an immediate impact and serve as an efficient mechanism for providing assistance. Organizations involved in humanitarian relief, particularly donors and nongovernmental organizations, should consider incorporating cash-based interventions as an element of their response in future emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:95–103)

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