scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PRODUCTION HEAT AND ELECTRICITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2(38)) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Maxim Olegovich Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Supply Systems

The main directions of increasing the efficiency of combined production of electric and heat energy are considered, associated with the improvement of power generating equipment, regime and circuit changes in heat supply systems while ensuring heat load. For many years, centralized heat supply based on combined heat and power generation has been successfully developing in Russia, which is a very attractive energy and nature saving technology. Its use makes it possible to save about 20 million tons of fuel annually, which is about 14% of the total volume of fuel consumed in Russia for the needs of heat supply. More than 50% of electricity is generated at CHPPs in Russia, and the efficiency of fuel use at them reaches about 70–75%. Such areas include the use of steam and gas technologies (CCGT units and gas turbine superstructures of equipment of operating CHPPs) and GTU-CHPPs, increasing the initial steam parameters at CHPPs, superstructure of hot water boilers with gas turbine units, improvement and modernization of existing turbine equipment and CHPP schemes, as well as rejection of peak boilers in favor of peak boilers at CHPPs, transition to a lower temperature schedule and a change in the structure of heat supply systems. The main advantages of these areas and the problems associated with their implementation are presented. The conditions of possible and expedient application of some directions are considered. It is shown that, in many respects, the choice of certain technical solutions, despite the energy efficiency, is determined by the conditions of the regional heat and electric energy markets.

scholarly journals Heat-exchange units with porous inserts

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 05006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Stepanov ◽  
Boris Aksenov ◽  
Natalia Rydalina ◽  
Elena Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Currently, porous metals are not used in heat supply systems. Usage of porous materials in heat exchangers increases the heat transfer intensity and makes the heat exchangers more compact. An experimental setup consisting of two circuits was developed in order to study the influence of porous metals on heat transfer intensity. In the first circuit the hot coolant is water, which flows through narrow tubes inside the porous metal. In the second circuit the cold coolant is freon. The purpose of the study is to obtain experimental confirmation of the hypothesis of an increase in the heat transfer intensity when using porous metals. To achieve this goal, experiments were carried out, which showed the increased heat transfer intensity. The standard methods for calculating heat exchangers cannot be applied in this case as the inner pores’ surface is unknown. A mathematical model was compiled allowing engineering calculations for the heat exchangers of this type. The hot water temperature inside the heat exchanger is determined analytically. The resulting equation allows us to determine the cooling degree of the first coolant, i.e. hot water. The obtained deviations between experimental and analytical data are within the acceptable limits, which indicates the reliability of the proposed model.

Analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the boiler modernization project

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
D. Bergen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

The current set of problems in the field of heat power engineering has remained unresolved for many years. Ecological modernization of fixed assets of heat supply enterprises is defined as the main direction of ensuring the activities of regional heat supply systems in this article. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the analysis of indicators of the ecological and economic efficiency of the boiler house modernization project. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological and economic efficiency of the project for the modernization of boiler houses to replace coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The study has been carried out using a set of methods: comparative analysis, analysis of structure, financial analysis. The use of solid biofuels makes it possible to reduce the anthropogenic load from heat supply enterprises. The ecological effect consists in the reduction of total emissions into the atmosphere by 69 times or by 321 tons per year of the boiler house on bit fuel compared to a similar boiler house on coal. The economic effect for the boiler house lies in the possibility of saving on fees for the negative impact on the environment, depending on the fuel used. The calculations show that payments for negative impact on the environment have a small share in the cost of steam and hot water production by boiler houses. In this connection, this cannot become a motive for reducing the negative impact. It is necessary to establish standards for the negative impact and waste disposal at a minimum level in order to form a material interest among economic entities in reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment. The author has calculated the environmental and economic indicators of the project for the modernization of regional heat supply systems, based on the transition from using coal as the main fuel. This calculation can become the basis for the state program for the modernization of thermal energy

New hot water boilers for heat supply systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006-1015
Author(s):  
I. D. Liseikin ◽  
A. I. Sidorova ◽  
L. A. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Potential for the use of heat pumps for heat supply of metro stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Naumenko ◽  
B. N. Minaev ◽  
I. A. Rebrov ◽  
G. B. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Saving Technology ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

At present, specialists of foreign and domestic research organizations and industrial firms pay much attention to the use of steam compression heat pump plants (HPP) as an energy-saving technology. Modern compressor units allow receiving 3-4 kW for 1 kW of power consumed by HPP, and under certain conditions up to 5-6 kW of useful power. Today HPPs are most used in heat supply systems for residential and office buildings, especially in Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland, USA, Japan, China. The paper discusses features of the operation of steam compressor heat pump plants as systems for improving energy efficiency with a description of the device of a heat pump plant; its main components are also listed. Review of the existing practice of introducing such systems in foreign countries is presented, including in Minsk - the Minsk metro, and in Russia - the Moscow Metro. The project, performed by specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” and MIIT, is considered for the Moscow Metro (with reference to the heating systems of the Nagatinskaya and Pushkinskaya metro stations) for the use of dumping heat of ventilation shafts for heating and hot water supply, proposed by scientists of JSC “VNIIZhT” in 2012 within the framework of the exhibition of technical achievements. Authors presented information on the implementation of the pilot project at the station “Salar’yevo” (Moscow Metro) on the use of HPP in the heat and cooling supply system of the station for further comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the HPP application in the operating conditions of the metro. From the analysis of the data given in the work, it is concluded that metro systems are significant sources of low-potential heat, which can be used for the heat supply of stations and/or nearby urban sites by means of HPP. By now, there is a lot of experience (especially abroad) of the practical application of HPP in the heat supply systems of facilities. Nevertheless, for a reliable and comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of projects using low-potential heat of metro systems as an energy-saving technology, a complex of studies is needed, including operational tests of currently implemented pilot projects.

scholarly journals The main indicators of choosing the scheme of providing hot water supply in cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05021
Author(s):  
F Gazizov ◽  
I. Ahmetova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Weight Coefficients

In the article the basic indicators defining the choice of this or that scheme of the organization of the closed hot water supply of the cities (further – HWS) using open schemes of HWS are considered. Block diagrams of boundary conditions and independent variables are presented. A pyramid of conditions affecting the level of capital and annual costs for the maintenance of heat supply systems for the useful life (25 years) of the equipment is proposed. The main provisions of the method and the program of choosing the most appropriate scheme of transition to the closed circuit of preparation of hot water with the calculation of weight coefficients are formulated.

Analyzing the Application of Heat Pump Units in Heat Supply Systems

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ya. Shelginsky ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Yakovlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems
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