Assessing the factors affecting implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles in Indian humanitarian logistics: a g-DANP approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting the implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Indian humanitarian logistics. The factors listed are significant as they are hindering the incorporation of this new technology into the humanitarian supply chain, thus creating inefficiencies in the humanitarian logistics sector. Design/methodology/approach This research is approached using a two-step process. In the first step, the particular barriers for UAV implementation are determined by a literature review and consultation with experts. Next, the proposed framework, a combination of grey-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (grey-DEMATEL) and analytic network process (ANP), i.e. g-DANP, is used to determine a hierarchical structure for the factors and sub-factors. The grey hypothesis provides sufficient analytical data to an otherwise lacking DEMATEL technique. Also, the use of ANP gives weightage to each factor, allowing us to categorize their importance further. Findings This study reveals that factors like expensive commercial solutions and high transport energy costs are significant factors of the “cause” group, whereas the uncertain cost for maintenance and repair and deficiency of high-level computing are crucial factors of the “effect” category. The mentioned factors, along with many others, are the main reasons for the delayed incorporation of UAVs in humanitarian logistics. Practical implications The results of this study present insights for humanitarian supply chain managers, UAV producers and policymakers. Those in the humanitarian logistics sector can use the findings of this study to plan for various challenges faced as they try and implement UAVs in their supply chain. Originality/value This research is unique as it analyses the general factors hindering the implementation of UAVs in Indian humanitarian logistics. The study enriches existing literature by providing an analytic approach to determine the weightage of various interrelations between the identified factors affecting UAV incorporation in the humanitarian supply chain.

The Intake of Phosphorus and Nitrites through Meat Products: A Health Risk Assessment of Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

This study provides the data on dietary exposure of Serbian children to nitrites and phosphorus from meat products by combining individual consumption data with available analytical data of meat products. A total of 2603 and 1900 commercially available meat products were categorized into seven groups and analysed for nitrite and phosphorous content. The highest mean levels of nitrite content, expressed as NaNO2, were found in finely minced cooked sausages (40.25 ± 20.37 mg/kg), followed by canned meat (34.95 ± 22.12 mg/kg) and coarsely minced cooked sausages (32.85 ± 23.25 mg/kg). The EDI (estimated daily intake) of nitrites from meat products, calculated from a National Food Consumption Survey in 576 children aged 1–9 years, indicated that the Serbian children population exceeded the nitrite ADI (acceptable daily intake) proposed by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) in 6.4% of children, with a higher proportion in 1–3-year-old participants. The mean phosphorus concentration varied from 2.71 ± 1.05 g/kg to 6.12 ± 1.33 g/kg in liver sausage and pate and smoked meat products, respectively. The EDI of phosphorus from meat products was far below the ADI proposed by EFSA, indicating that the use of phosphorus additives in Serbian meat products is generally in line with legislation.

TRANSLATION OF KOREAN-INDONESIAN SHORT STORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF CLASS AND SEMANTIC SHIFTS OF ADVERBS OF MODALITY

This study discusses class and semantic shifts of adverbs of modality in the Korean short story and its Bahasa Indonesia translation in the short story anthology of ‘Langit dan Kupu-Kupu. This study aims to identify how the adverbs of modality original text change into a different word class in the target text. The sources of data in this study were six Korean short stories entitled ‘Dua Generasi yang Teraniaya’, ‘Seoul Musim Dingin 1964’, ‘Jalan ke Sampho’, ‘Bung Kim di Kampung Kami’, ‘Dinihari ke Garis Depan’, dan ‘Betulkah? Saya Jerapah’ and its Indonesian translation. This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, and the design of a linguistic corpus was used to collect analytical data. The analysis results found that from 46 adverbs of modality, four translated adverbs remained classified as adverbs. At the same time, the other ten words change their class into pronouns, nouns, particles, adjectives, and verbs. Additionally, the other 32 words have a combination of adverbs and other word classes. Furthermore, of the 290 adverb words in the source text, 143 words were accurately translated, 100 were deleted, and 47 changed their meaning in the TT. In the translation of Korean-Indonesian short stories, the shifting technique is used to adjust differences between Korean and Indonesian grammar systems. Translators also make a shift in the word's meaning of short stories as long as they do not deviate from the context and message in the ST to produce a natural translation that TL readers can easily understand.

Supplemental Material: Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California, and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range

<div>Text: Additional explanation of the methods used to recalculate the Ar/Ar ages of Gutenkunst (2006), Saylor and Hodges (1994), and Saylor (1991). Figure S1: Analytical plots recalculated from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data originally produced by Gutenkunst (2006). Figure S2: Scans of a large scale map and seven isochron plots for five samples provided by B. Saylor (personal commun., 2015). Table S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb analytical data. Table S2: Zircon (U‐Th)/He analytical data. Table S3: Analytical data for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of Gutenkunst (2006).<br></div>

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial effect of Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) compounds derived from 1,2,4-triazoles

Compounds of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with 3-R-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine {R = methyl (mta), phenyl (pta)} were prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C), electronic spectroscopy (UV-VIS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microanalyses and melting point. Dimeric, monomeric, and polymeric materials were synthesized in this work. The Zn(II)-1,2,4-triazole derivatives have the metal ion at the center of two geometric arrangements, being a tetrahedron for the complex-7 and 9, and an octahedron for the complex-8. The only polymeric material, complex-7, was characterized by the DSC analytical data. The Decomposition reaction of complex-8 in chloroform produced the complex-9, a aminoguanidine derivative, and the Zn(II)-benzoate compound. The IR and UV-VIS of Cu(II)-mta derivatives revealed two possible geometric patterns for the metallic ion; a distorted bipyramidal trigonal geometry for compounds 10 and 11 in solution, and in the solid state, the same geometry for complex-10, but for complex-11, the IR data suggest a distorted octahedral geometry. The biological assay of the 1,2,4-triazole compounds and their metal derivatives against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria shown the compounds of Zn(II) as the only active materials with values of MIC within the range of 133.5 µM (83.3 µg / mL) to 360.7 µM (166.6 µg / mL).

Reintroducing the GeoNames that features the land and water near the Montufar and Bingay Points in Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon, Philippines

Purpose–The paper aims to generate analytical data to reintroduce the geographic naming based on the existing coastwise feature names as part of contextualizing the ecosystem relative to risk reality phenomena that are based on the actual land and water uses inthe study area.Method–ArcGIS platform was used to assess the following: (i) coastwise feature names based on the Special Report of the United States Board of Geographic Names Relating to the Geographic Names in the Philippine Island, (ii) Topographical features and feature names, (iii) politico-administrativeand planning subdivisions, (iv) income classification of the study area, (v) natural and physical map features of the study area, (vi) disaster risk reality phenomenon, (vii) The Agta IPs environmental and Disaster RiskReduction Practices relative to the ecosystem and actual uses of land and water in the study areaResults–Coastwise feature naming describes the physical environment that features the mountain, river, historical, cultural, or events being named, etc. The Coastwise feature names are essential in improving and promoting eco-tourism activities on the coast of Prieto Diaz as the home of the indigenous people who traditionally settle and move to another settlement merely remaining speaking their mother tongue"Agta Tabangnon and Bicol Sorsogon''. Although the income classification of Prieto Diaz is low, during the COVID-19 lockdown the locally produced food supply was sufficient to feed Prieto Diaznon. This implies that the coping capacity during pandemic somehow hinted that the land and water utilization remain stable municipal wide. It generally implies the friendliness of Prieto Diaznon which resembles the indigenous people's friendliness to the environment before the Spaniards colonization. The natural resources are generally conserved and protected although some built-up areas were impacted by the calamities and natural hazards. But in terms of disaster risk reality was calculated to be 92% which means the study area is somewhat resilient to resilient municipalities. The remaining 8% are areas mostly located in low-lying and coastal areas.Conclusion–The coastwise feature names relating to the geographic names in the Philippine Islands remain in use for coastal directions, research to monitor sedimentation significant in assessing the general development of a regional understanding of the vegetation and climate dynamics, and weather forecasts. This study concludes that the coastwise feature names or geographic names are significant to characterize the riskor resiliency realities of the old barrios up to the present barangays. Furthermore, the coastwise feature names relating to the geographic names in the Philippine Islands remain useful to attract more tourists and researchers to visit a place virtually or on-site during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Recommendations–Reintroduction of the geographic names by way of contextualization risk or resilience reality theory of Abante (2021a;2020a) and incorporating the of the Popper (1978)theory on "worldof contents of thought",Meiring (1993) theory on 'place names', and Quine (1953) cited the Strawson's logical theory of reference on backing the naming with descriptions can also reintroduce a place starting from the 'VisitangDaan' myth up to the present barangays via internet especially during the new normal after COVID-19 pandemic to strengthen linkages and trading.

PANDEMI COVID-19 INDONESIA: KAJIAN PEMIKIRAN, KEBIJAKAN RITUAL IBADAH, DAN EKONOMI ISLAM (MAQASID ASY-SYARIAH)

Since Covid-19 pandemic occurred, the government and authorities in Indonesia have restricted almost all community activities in Indonesia, including various activities in houses of worship having an impact on the socio-economic vulnerability of Muslims. This study was to describe the phenomenon of the condition of Muslims affected by the pandemic, by providing a Muslim perspective as well as explaining how Islam responds to the epidemic phenomenon, restriction policies, and socio-economics. This study applied a literature study with a qualitative approach to obtain descriptive and qualitative analytical data. The data were collected through reviewing literature and data about the current situation of Covid -19 pandemic and the ongoing dynamics of Muslim people. This study was a literature study collaborating between Islamic perspectives with contemporary phenomena and theories so that they contributed to strengthening the argument that Islam and its experiences were still very relevant to today's conditions. The result showed that: first, Islam provided jabariyah and qadariyah perspectives for Muslims in responding to the pandemic phenomenon; second, Islam provided relevant perspectives in policy formulation during the pandemic, and; third, Islam emphasized that Maqasid Asy-Sharia was a strategy and concept in overcoming the economic vulnerability of the community during and after the pandemic.

Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Studies of Newly Synthesized Novel Heterocylcic Pyridine Derivative and its Metal Complexes

A pyridine derivative 2-((E)-1-(2-hydrazinyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl-pyridine-3-carboyl)ethyl)pyridine-4- carbonitrile (CPHPC) ligand and its 3d-metal(II) complexes has been synthesized (where [M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)]. The physico-chemical, analytical data, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and ESR spectrum methods were used to characterize all of the synthesized complexes. Spectral investigations of metal(II) complexes revealed that the metal ion is surrounded by an octahedral geometry. Low conductance values indicated that the metal(II) complexes behave as non-electrolyte. The cytotoxic activity on lung cancer cell lines and hepatic cancer cell lines A549 and HepG2, respectively, with the ligand and their metal complexes were tested with MTT assay. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested for diverse harmful bacterial strains using the agar well diffusion method on Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas desmolyticum, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes, as well as Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

Competitiveness of the Selected Countries of the EU with a Focus on the Quality of the Business Environment

The business environment and entrepreneurship are important elements in the economic growth of each country. The better the business environment a given country offers, the more attractive the country is for small and large companies as well as for private entrepreneurs. A high level of business competitiveness can help a country secure economic growth, especially after overcoming a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Many institutions focus on the measurement of the business environment using indices to evaluate its quality. The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the quality of the business environment through multicriteria analysis. For the period from 2018 to 2020, the data were analysed by using seven selected indices of the weighted sum approach (WSA) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The research sample included all EU countries that joined the EU at the same time in 2004. The processing of analytical data was gradually implemented by using descriptive statistics and multicriteria evaluation methods. The methods used in the multicriteria evaluation of variants determined the rankings of the individual variants in terms of the selected criteria using entropy. We concluded that the efficiency of the business environments in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia are below the EU average. Within this group of countries, Estonia, Malta and Slovenia have seen the largest regeneration of their business environment since having joined the EU.