Designing multifunctional CoOx layers for efficient and stable electrochemical energy conversion

Disordered and porous metal oxides are promising as earth-abundant and cost-effective alternatives to noble-metal electrocatalysts. Herein, we leverage non-saturated oxidation in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition to tune structural, mechanical, and optical properties of biphasic CoOx thin films, thereby tailoring their catalytic activities and chemical stabilities. To optimize the resulting film properties, we systematically vary the oxygen plasma power and exposure time in the deposition process. We find that short exposure times and low plasma powers incompletely oxidize the cobaltocene precursor to Co(OH)2 and result in the incorporation of carbon impurities. These Co(OH)2 films are highly porous and catalytically active, but their electrochemical stability is impacted by poor adhesion to the substrate. In contrast, long exposure times and high plasma powers completely oxidize the precursor to form Co3O4, reduce the carbon impurity incorporation, and improve the film crystallinity. While the resulting Co3O4 films are highly stable under electrochemical conditions, they are characterized by low oxygen evolution reaction activities. To overcome these competing properties, we applied the established relation between deposition parameters and functional film properties to design bilayer films exhibiting simultaneously improved electrochemical performance and chemical stability. The resulting biphasic films combine a highly active Co(OH)2 surface with a stable Co3O4 interface layer. In addition, these coatings exhibit minimal light absorption, thus rendering them well suited as protective catalytic layers on semiconductor light absorbers for application in photoelectrochemical devices.

On Numerical Modeling of Thermal Performance Enhancementof a Heat Thermal Energy Storage System Using a Phase Change Material and a Porous Foam

In this investigation, a comprehensive numerical analysis of the flow involved in an open-ended straight channel fully filled with a porous metal foam saturated and a phase change material (paraffin) has been performed using a single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (SRT-LBM) at the representative elementary volume (REV) scale. The enthalpy-based approach with three density functions has been employed to cope with the governing equations under the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) condition. The in-house code has been validated through a comparison with a previous case in literature. The pore per inch density (10≤PPI≤60) and porosity (0.7≤ε≤0.9) effects of the metal structure were analyzed during melting/solidifying phenomena at two Reynolds numbers (Re = 200 and 400). The relevant findings are discussed for the LTNE intensity and the entropy generation rate (Ns). Through the simulations, the LTNE hypothesis turned out to be secure and valid. In addition, it is maximum for small PPI value (=10) whatever the parameters deemed. On the other hand, high porosity (=0.9) is advised to reduce the system’s irreversibility. However, at a moderate Re (=200), a small PPI (=10) would be appropriate to mitigate the system irreversibility during the charging case, while a large value (PPI = 60) might be advised for the discharging case. In this context, it can be stated that during the melting period, low porosity (=0.7) with low PPI (=10) improves thermal performance, reduces the system irreversibility and speeds up the melting rate, while for high porosity (=0.9), a moderate PPI (=30) should be used during the melting process to achieve an optimal system.

Hierarchical Porous Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Efficient Oil-Water Separation

Oil contaminated water is a global issue, decreasing the quality of water sources and is posing a threat to the health of humans and many ecosystems. The utilization of industrial...

Porous metal electrodes enable efficient electrolysis of carbon capture solutions

Bicarbonate electrolysers convert carbon capture solutions into chemicals and fuels and bypass the need for energy-intensive CO2 recovery. Porous metal electrodes are more effective than composite carbon electrodes for this type of electrolyser.

Hierarchically Porous MOF-Based Microneedles for Glucose-Responsive Infected Diabetic Wounds Treatment

Elaborately designed stimuli-responsive antibacterial systems are highly desirable for infected diabetic wounds treatment. Herein, a hierarchically porous metal-organic framework (MOF)-based glucose-responsive microneedles (MNs) was designed for painless transdermal wounds treatment....