The development of four advanced nursing roles in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Hong Kong : a comparative analysis of nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, nurse midwife, and nurse anesthetist

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-chuen Chan
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412
Author(s):  
Mitzi M. Saunders

Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in the United States are trained to diagnose and treat disease and illness, hence, to prescribe. Of the APRN roles, the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is the least likely to prescribe. Prescribing is one of many advanced care interventions performed by CNSs, but the statutes regarding prescriptive authority are constantly changing. The purpose of this article is to inform and support the new CNS prescriber. The article reviews CNS prescribing, credentialing and privileging, safety strategies, and educational considerations that influence CNS prescribing and offers current recommendations for new CNS prescribers. Clinical nurse specialist prescribing can enhance the patient care experience and fill unmet prescriptive needs for patients. Overall, more reports on the outcomes of CNS prescribing are urgently needed, specifically, publications on CNS prescribing in acute care, where most CNSs practice.


1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L. Cukr ◽  
Susan L. Jones ◽  
Mary Ellen Wilberger ◽  
Ruth Smith ◽  
Connie Stopper

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE WALKER ◽  
PEGGY S. GERARD ◽  
ELIZABETH W. BAYLEY ◽  
HARRIET COELING ◽  
ANGELA P. CLARK ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Meredith Shields

Bladder cancer is one of the most common and most expensive malignancies worldwide, requiring periodic cystoscopy in most cases. Access to urologists within the United States is impaired by decreasing number of physicians in this specialty. Nurse-led cystoscopy services have been established in the United Kingdom and Australia and found to provide equivalent services while improving patient satisfaction and access to care. Nurse practitioner cystoscopy should be evaluated as a potential method to improve patient access to specialized urologic care in the United States. This article will review the literature on nurse practitioner cystoscopy and the legal and ethical implications of this practice.


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