Commandant St. Ange de Bellerive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Ekberg ◽  
Sharon K. Person
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Illinois Country ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Civil Government

This chapter focuses on Louis St. Ange de Bellerive's time as commandant at St. Louis. As of the spring of 1765, no government existed at what would eventually become St. Louis. This would change by the end of year, when St. Ange arrived and established a civil government six months before there was any ecclesiastical presence in the settlement. Crossing the Mississippi with St. Ange were Joseph-François Lefebvre, chief magistrate in the Illinios Country, and notary Charles-Joseph Labuxière. The chapter begins with an overview of St. Ange's administration of St. Louis as the seat of his government in Upper Louisiana and goes on to discuss the revolt that erupted in New Orleans against Antonio de Ulloa and Spanish rule in Louisiana in October 1768. It also recounts the murder of the Odawa leader Pontiac by a Peoria Indian on April 20, 1769, that threw the entire Illinois Country into turmoil. Finally, it considers the Black Legend, an accumulation of propaganda and Hispanophobia that painted Spain as an evil colonial power.

“Not So Denatured as to Kill Her Child”

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-131
Author(s):  
Sophie White
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Childless Woman ◽  
Illinois Country ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Indian Girl ◽  
Court Appearance

Chapter Three moves to the Illinois Country (Upper Louisiana) in 1748 and explores the contentious relationship between two enslaved women: Marie-Jeanne, a pregnant woman of African descent accused of infanticide after going into labor, and Lisette, a young Indian girl. The chapter explores French views of motherhood, and of enslaved Africans as parents, but also enslaved women’s particular vulnerability to sexual abuse from French men both in the French Atlantic and Indian Oceans (especially Mauritius). Marie-Jeanne and Lisette’s court appearance, in Kaskaskia and then in New Orleans where Marie-Jeanne was sent to be tried, afforded them the possibility of narrating their own stories of loss, and, in the fissures between the lines of questioning and their answers, the childless woman and the motherless child interspersed references to work roles, conflicts over authority, and their conceptions of motherhood.

“To Ensure that He Not Give Himself Over to the Indians”: Cleanliness, Frenchification, and Whiteness

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie White
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
Illinois Country ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
European Standards

In 1739, when the voyageur Jean Saguingouara entered into a contract for a trip from the Illinois Country to New Orleans and back, he negotiated for his laundry costs to be paid on arrival in New Orleans. This was an unusual contractual clause that was especially significant for the fact that Saguingouara was half-French and half-Indian, and had been brought up by an officer of noble origin legally married to an Indian woman convert. Saguingouara’s insistence on a laundry clause signaled his performance of European standards of cleanliness (premised on the act of changing into laundered linen rather than washing the body) rather than indigenous ones. This concept of cleanliness is also crucial for understanding how colonists apprehended indigenous bodies and how they rationalized differences in skin color. Bodily care practices helped construct identity and whiteness, revealing how racialization depended on material culture.

New Orleans Still Lacks Health Care

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
ALICIA AULT
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Orleans
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