The hole erosion test (HET) is used in the study of soil erosion in the case of what is known as “piping” when concentrated leaks occur. The HET enables the determination of soil erosion characteristics such as the critical shear stress along the pre-formed hole (pipe) and the coefficient of soil erosion. Normally, in the HET, the hydraulic gradient is determined from the difference between the piezometric heads measured at the inflow and outflow chambers (upstream and downstream of the soil specimen). Hydraulic analysis shows that such measurements ignore losses at the entrance and exit of the hole, causing the overestimation of the hydraulic gradient along the length of the hole, and thus the calculated shear stress. In this technical note, the results of preliminary analysis using the Bernoulli principle and of numerical study of the pressure conditions in the HET apparatus are shown. The turbulent flow in the HET apparatus was calculated using ANSYS commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software. The analysis was performed for various hole entrance shapes. The conclusion of this note details the differences between traditionally determined hydraulic gradients and those numerically derived along the length of a hole.
Soil Erosion as A Function of Natural And Anthropogenic Factors and Its Environmental Consequences.
