Differential Diagnosis of Internal Diseases: Clinical Analysis and Synthesis of Symptoms and Signs on Pathophysiologic Basis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease associated with the formation of autoantibodies that form pathological immune complexes and activate a number of inflammatory pathways. The disease is characterized by remissions and relapses (flares) that can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. The symptoms and signs may range from mild features that can be treated easily to organ and even life threatening manifestations requiring potent immunosuppression. This chapter will review the epidemiology and pathology of lupus, then the clinical features including differential diagnosis and investigation of adult patients with SLE. Finally the classification, diagnosis, monitoring and outcome of lupus patients will be discussed.

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Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance

Hematology ◽

10.1182/hematology.2020000122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 380-388

Author(s):

Angela Dispenzieri

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽

Monoclonal Gammopathies ◽

Skin Biopsies ◽

Unexplained Symptoms ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Important Disease ◽

Iv Immunoglobulin ◽

Undetermined Significance

Abstract “Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance” (MGCS) is the term used to describe nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathies causing important disease. MGCS is the differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with what appears to be a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance but is also experiencing other unexplained symptoms. Broadly, these conditions can be separated into symptoms and signs referable to the nerves, the kidneys, and the skin. The first step in making these diagnoses is to consider them. With a particular condition in mind, the next step is to order those tests that can help confirm or dismiss a particular diagnosis. Nearly all of the renal and dermatologic conditions are diagnosed by renal and skin biopsies, respectively. The importance of a highly competent renal pathologist and dermatopathologist cannot be underestimated. Biopsy is less specific for the neuropathic conditions. Because several of the MGCSs are syndromes, recognizing other manifestations is also key. Treatment recommendations for many of these conditions are anecdotal because of their rarity, but for several of the conditions, IV immunoglobulin, rituximab, and plasma cell–directed therapy are the best options.

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Giant Cell Tumor of the Sphenoid Bone

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100025257 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 213-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rasikbala Doshi ◽

Abdul Basit Chaudhari ◽

Gordon Thomson

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Sphenoid Bone ◽

Histological Features ◽

Symptoms And Signs

SUMMARY:The clinical and histological features of two cases of giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone are described. Both presented with similar symptoms and signs, comparable to previously described cases. The problems in histological differential diagnosis are discussed and radiotherapy as the treatment of choice is suggested.

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