State, Society, and Irrigation Management in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Egyptian Government

This chapter brings together the different elements that explain irrigation water management in Egypt and how it has changed over time, leading to the initiation of irrigation improvement projects and the formation of water users' organizations (WUOs) from the late 1980s onward. It looks at the role of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation and the customary social organizations (informal water user groups) for irrigation water management, and how they have changed over the past sixty years. It outlines the different irrigation improvement projects and discusses the objectives of the Egyptian government and donor agencies in the creation of WUOs, and how these have affected the functioning of WUOs at different hydrological levels. Finally, it summarizes the fieldwork strategy used to carry out the research, giving the reasons for the selection of the villages in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum governorates and the author's access to the field.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Time Periods

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book aims to understand the role played by social capital in irrigation water management generally, and in the recent creation and operation of water users' organizations (WUOs) in Egypt in particular. It examines networks of social relationships and norms and their impact on the exercise of social control and collective irrigation water management practices in Egyptian villages. It focuses on four villages in the Kafr al-Sheikh (KSH) and Fayoum governorates in Egypt, looking at informal water user groups and formal WUOs over two time periods—the 1950s and 1960s, and the 1970s onward—to understand how they function and change over time. The book draws on two main concepts, social capital and community-based natural resource management, which are discussed in the remainder of the chapter.

Social Capital and Irrigation Water Management in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum in the 1950s and 1960s

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This chapter covers the period from the 1950s to the 1960s based on the data collected from in-depth interviews with key informants, villagers, and state representatives as well as from group interviews. The first part identifies the actors of the village field, discusses their ability to exercise social capital functions, social control, and collective action, and examines the main social relationships that permitted the exercise of social capital functions. The second part analyzes the formation and functioning of informal water user groups in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum at the mesqa level, examining the degree of autonomy of the irrigation water management field and the extent of the impact of the village field on irrigation water management in both governorates.

Water User Groups in Central Asia: Emerging Form of Collective Action in Irrigation Water Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskandar Abdullaev ◽  
Jusipbek Kazbekov ◽  
Herath Manthritilake ◽  
Kahramon Jumaboev
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water User ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
User Groups

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) on yield and land productivity under different irrigation water management techniques with effluent water

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Management Techniques

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.

scholarly journals Adoption of Multiple Sustainable Land Management Practices among Irrigator Rural Farm Households of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Deribe Bekele ◽  
Alisher Mirzabaev ◽  
Dawit Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

Using a household and plot-level survey conducted in 2016/17 in ten districts of Ethiopia, this study explores whether there is a difference in farmers’ adoption of sustainable land management (SLM) practices between their rainfed and irrigated plots. The paper also investigates the varying influence of different types of irrigation water management systems and associated irrigation technologies on the adoption of SLM practices in irrigated plots. Our findings show only a small difference in the average number of SLM practices between rainfed and irrigated plots, even though significant differences are observed between many of the practices applied individually among these plots. The econometric estimation shows that the role of the combined effect of irrigation water management system and irrigation technology on adoption of SLM practices is quite varied and very significant. The evidence highlights that farmers adopt more SLM practices in their plots with pump irrigation compared to those plots where gravity irrigation is applied. This finding implies that pump irrigation systems enhance complementarities with SLM practices. Furthermore, the results indicate that the type of irrigation water management and the technology applied could play an important role in restoring degraded lands and maintaining soil fertility, even when farmers’ adoption of irrigation were not explicitly triggered by concerns for soil health.

scholarly journals PENYEMPURNAAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN AIR IRIGASI MENGHADAPI IRIGASI MODERN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Soekrasno Soekrasno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Management Institutions

<span><em>Damage to irrigation areas in Indonesia covering an area of 0.37 million hectares for severe damage and </em><span><em>an area of 1.25 million hectares for moderate and mild damage, has an impact on Indonesia's ability in </em><span><em>rice production; rice imports were almost half a century, and only the adequacy of rice was 2 X, i.e. 1984 </em><span><em>and 2009. This was due to low irrigation services which resulted in less optimal carrying capacity of food </em><span><em>security. The deterioration in the function of irrigation services can be grouped into 5 causes of low </em><span><em>irrigation pillars, namely: vulnerability of water sources, lack of irrigation infrastructure, low irrigation</em><br /><span><em>water management, weak management institutions, and low human resources. The cause will be eliminated </em><span><em>by the irrigation modernization program by working on these five pillars. One of the pillars in the </em><span><em>modernization of irrigation that needs to be improved is the irrigation management system. The purpose of</em><br /><span><em>this paper is to contribute ideas in improving the irrigation management system in Indonesia. The author </em><span><em>has conducted observations and research on several irrigation areas, both the authority of the Central, </em><span><em>Provincial and District Governments, especially visits to DI Wadaslintang, Central Java and DI </em><span><em>Bondoyudo, East Java concerning irrigation water management systems. What stands out is the low level </em><span><em>of irrigation services due to the inefficient irrigation water management system in Indonesia, in addition to </em><span><em>the nature of service-based provision and not service-oriented based on farmers' needs. Identification was</em><span><em>carried out on the DI to find out the reasons for the low irrigation water management system, namely: </em><span><em>orientation to water supply, calculation of irrigation requirements, water allocation method, irrigation</em><br /><span><em>water distribution schedule, irrigation water loss, irrigation operational steps, irrigation water </em><span><em>productivity measurement This study analyzes the factors causing the low irrigation water management </em><span><em>system while making a formula for the improvement proposal in the form of 7 steps.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) on yield and land productivity under different irrigation water management techniques with effluent water

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Management Techniques

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.

Water User Organizations and Social Capital

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water User ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Impact

Chapters 3 and 4 four set out the findings of four case studies in two different governorates, Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum, covering two periods: the 1950s and 1960s, and the 1970s onward. They described and analyzed similar village fields and contrasting irrigation water management fields. This chapter draws on this material to examine the role played by social capital in influencing the functioning of water users' organizations (WUOs). First, it sets out the findings from using the developed framework in the four case study areas. This is followed by a discussion, based on these findings, of the limitations of Putnam's theory and approach in explaining the impact of social capital on the functioning of WUOs. Next, it discusses the enhancements of the conceptual framework based on the empirical findings and their theoretical implications. Finally, the chapter looks at how the framework can be generalized.

Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Mwadini Khatib ◽  
Joy Obando ◽  
Shadrack Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub-catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The model results revealed a water shortage of 46.4% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93mm3 and 7.47mm3, respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management, reviewing of laws, regulations, and water rights.

Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwadini Khatib ◽  
Joy Obando ◽  
Shadrack Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania, plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The results of WEAP model revealed a water shortage of about 53.6% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93Mm3 and 7.47Mm3 respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management; reviewing of laws, regulations and water rights.

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