Two-Photon Polymerization of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers as Scalable Technology Using Ultra-Short Laser Pulses

We will report on the recently developed two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique for biological applications. 2PP of photosensitive inorganic-organic hybrid polymers (ORMOCERs) is applied for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds, micro-and nanostructures. ORMOCERs have negative resist behaviour and can be used as storage-stable, liquid photopolymerizable resins. When Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused into the volume of this resin (which is transparent in the infrared) they initiate 2PP process transferring liquid into the solid state. This allows the fabrication of any computer-generated 3D structure by direct laser “recording” into the volume of this material. ORMOCERs demonstrate excellent cell adherence and cell growth rate comparable to that of Extracellular matrix. With 2PP technique there are no limits in complexity of the 3D scaffold structures which can be fabricated with the resolution of 100 nm.

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Inorganic-organic Hybrid Materials for Real 3-D Sub-νm Lithography

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-780-y4.12 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Houbertz ◽

J. Schulz ◽

L. Fröhlich ◽

G. Domann ◽

M. Popall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

Organic Hybrid ◽

Two Photon ◽

Applied Technology ◽

Scale Structures ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

AbstractReal 3-D sub-νm lithography was performed with two-photon polymerization (2PP) using inorganic-organic hybrid polymer (ORMOCER®) resins. The hybrid polymers were synthesized by hydrolysis/polycondensation reactions (modified sol-gel synthesis) which allows one to tailor their material properties towards the respective applications, i.e., dielectrics, optics or passivation. Due to their photosensitive organic functionalities, ORMOCER®s can be patterned by conventional photo-lithography as well as by femtosecond laser pulses at 780 nm. This results in polymerized (solid) structures where the non-polymerized parts can be removed by conventional developers.ORMOCER® structures as small as 200 nm or even below were generated by 2PP of the resins using femtosecond laser pulses. It is demonstrated that ORMOCER®s have the potential to be used in components or devices built up by nm-scale structures such as, e.g., photonic crystals. Aspects of the materials in conjunction to the applied technology are discussed.

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Two-photon polymerization with variable repetition rate bursts of femtosecond laser pulses

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.20.029890 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (28) ◽

pp. 29890 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Tommaso Baldacchini ◽

Scott Snider ◽

Ruben Zadoyan

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Repetition Rate ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽

Two Photon ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

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Two-Photon Polymerization of Albumin Hydrogel Nanowires Strengthened with Graphene Oxide

Biomimetics ◽

10.3390/biomimetics6040066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Nikita Nekrasov ◽

Natalya Yakunina ◽

Vladimir Nevolin ◽

Ivan Bobrinetskiy ◽

Pavel Vasilevsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽

Nanoelectromechanical Systems ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Two Photon ◽

Direct Laser ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

Multifunctional biomaterials can pave a way to novel types of micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems providing benefits in mimicking of biological functions in implantable, wearable structures. The production of biocomposites that hold both superior electrical and mechanical properties is still a challenging task. In this study, we aim to fabricate 3D printed hydrogel from a biocomposite of bovine serum albumin with graphene oxide (BSA@GO) using femtosecond laser processing. We have developed the method for functional BSA@GO composite nanostructuring based on both two-photon polymerization of nanofilaments and direct laser writing. The atomic-force microscopy was used to probe local electrical and mechanical properties of hydrogel BSA@GO nanowires. The improved local mechanical properties demonstrate synergistic effect in interaction of femtosecond laser pulses and novel composite structure.

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