Biomedical devices that contact blood and tissue universally inspire a host response that often compromises the function of the device (i.e., intravascular sensors become coated with thrombi, artificial vascular grafts become coated with thrombi, artificial vascular grafts become occluded with thrombus formation and neointimal hyperplasia). Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesion and activation and has been implicated in mediating the inflammatory response and promoting would healing. We are currently developing NO-releasing compounds based on S-nitrosothiols derived from substituted aromatic compounds that utilize light as an external on/off trigger capable of releasing precisely controlled surface fluxes of NO. The level of NO generated is dependent on the wavelength and intensity of light shown on the compounds. Data will be presented that show the synthesis and NO-release properties of three novel compounds, S-nitroso-2-methoxybenzene, S-nitroso-3-methoxybenzene and S-nitroso-2-chlorobenzene. Ultimately, these compounds will be tethered to the surface of polymer fillers that will then be blended into hydrophobic polymers and used as coatings on biomedical devices. A model system that will be used to demonstrate the utility of this approach will be a multi-element fiber optic sensors that will contain sensing elements capable of measuring blood gases and NO-releasing fibers that locally generate enough NO to inhibit clot formation on the sensor surface, thus allowing the sensor to function reliably in vivo.
Wireless Communications and Power Supply for In Vivo Biomedical Devices Using Acoustic Transmissions