Evolution of Hydropower Support Schemes in Poland and Their Assessment Using the LCOE Method

Hydropower as stable power installations play an important role among renewable energy sources. Yet, their share in renewable energy is small. Currently, it is only 10% of energy from renewable energy sources (RES), compared to 27% in 2010. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess the RES support schemes in Poland related to hydropower, such as green certificates, auctions and FIT, with the use of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) analysis in order to determine which support scheme is best incentivizing hydropower development. The evolution of the hydropower support scheme in Poland is presented. The total LCOE and possible revenues from support systems for various segments of hydropower installations are graphically analyzed for two analysis periods (15 and 50 years) and for two discount rates (7% and 11.4%). The analysis shows the great importance of the support schemes in the profitability of the hydropower plants investments. The LCOE graphical analysis proves to be suitable for showing sensitivity analysis of capital and operating costs of various sizes of hydropower plants. The analysis shows that the LCOE in micro-power plants is usually higher than the support and revenues available in the green certificates or auctions or FIT schemes in Poland.

The Efficiency Comparison of Hydro Turbines for Micro Power Plant from Free Vortex

In this research paper, the relationship between a crossflow turbine and propeller turbine size changes and the pond size in a free vortex power generation system was investigated. This relationship can be written in the form of a new mathematical equation using the principles of the response surface methodology (RSM) method. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of a crossflow turbine and propeller turbine to enhance a micro power plant from free vortex. The pond size in a micro power plant from free vortex was 1 m in diameter and 0.5 m in height with a 0.2 m outlet drain at the bottom. All turbines were tested at different water flowrates of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m3/s to identify the rpm, water head, voltage, and electric current to access the waterpower, power output, and overall efficiency. At a 0.02 m3/s water flowrate, the crossflow turbine had greater overall efficiency than the propeller turbine, reaching 9.09% efficiency. From the comparison of the results of the two turbines used in the 0.5 m high cylinder-shaped generator pond, the turbine type, turbine size (height and diameter), number of blades, and water flowrate are key factors that affect the overall efficiency. The crossflow turbine can achieve greater efficiency than the propeller turbine in this generator system.

Design and Simulation of Voltage Measurement System Based on ADC0809

The display of ordinary voltmeter is not clear enough, the measurement range is narrow and the anti-interference ability is weak. This paper studies the design and Simulation of voltage measurement system based on ADC0809. Combined with the actual production situation, using the function that ADC0809 has 8 analog inputs and can convert the analog input into digital display, this paper designs the circuit with single chip microcomputer chip AT89S51. Combined with the working principle of a / D converter and DC digital voltmeter composed of them, the voltage measurement of 0-10V is realized in this paper. The experimental results show that the measurement system has the advantages of accurate reading, wide measurement range and micro power consumption.

Environmental Energy Harvesting Techniques to Power Standalone IoT-Equipped Sensor and Its Application in 5G Communication

In the recent few years, due to its significant deployment to meet global demand for smart cities, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention. Environment energy harvesting devices, which use ambient energy to generate electricity, could be a viable option in near future for charging or powering stand-alone IoT sensors and electronic devices. The key advantages of such energy harvesting gadgets are that they are environmentally friendly, portable, wireless, cost-effective, and compact. It is significant to propos and fabricate an improved, high-quality, economical, and efficient energy harvesting systems to overcome power supply to tiny IoT devices at the remote locations. In this article, various types of mechanisms for harvesting renewable energies that can power sensor enabled IoT locally, as well as its associated wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. These methods are discussed in terms of their advantages and applications, as well as their drawbacks and limitations. Furthermore, methodological performance analysis for the decade 2005 to 2020 is surveyed in order to identify the methods that delivered high output power for each device. Furthermore, the outstanding breakthrough performances of each of the aforementioned micro-power generators during this time period are emphasized. According to the research, thermoelectric modules can convert up to 2500×10^(-3) W/cm^2, thermo-photovoltaic 10.9%, piezoelectric 10,000 mW/cm^3 and microbial fuel cell 6.86 W/m^2 of energy. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-08 Full Text: PDF

Mathematical modeling of the reliability of a hybrid micro-power plant

In the conditions of regions with relatively low solar and wind potentials, interruptions in power supply to consumers powered by micro-power plants based on renewable energy sources may be due to a decrease in the power of wind power plants, photovoltaic modules with insufficient wind speed and insolation, respectively, to provide power to consumers. A study of the reliability of a system including a wind power plant, photovoltaic modules, a hybrid charge controller, an energy storage device and an inverter was carried out using a logical-probabilistic method. As part of the study, an analysis was made of the structure of the power supply system and its modes of operation in the event of various events: failure of system elements, replacement of failed elements, diagnostics of elements, decrease in the power of the wind power plant and photovoltaic modules. Combinations of events leading to a power failure of consumers connected to a hybrid micro-power plant have been determined. A fault tree was built for the hybrid micro-power plant. Expressions are obtained for calculating the probability of short-term, long-term power supply interruptions, the probability of power supply interruptions occurring when off-design insolation and wind speed occur. Mathematical modeling of the reliability of the hybrid micro-power plant for the conditions of the central part of the Republic of Mari El has been carried out. It has been determined that the probability of a system failure is determined mainly by the probability of long power outages. In this case, the reliability indicators of the system as a whole are largely determined by the values of the reliability indicators of the hybrid controller and inverter. Keywords: YBRID MICRO-POWER PLANT, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RELIABILITY, RURAL POWER SUPPLY