Perspectives of Islet Cell Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23.6 million people in the United States are affected. Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Since the 1960s, the surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus has evolved to become a viable alternative to insulin administration, beginning with pancreatic transplantation. While islet cell transplantation has emerged as another potential alternative, its role in the treatment of T1DM remains to be solidified as research continues to establish it as a truly viable alternative for achieving insulin independence. In this paper, the historical evolution, procurement, current status, benefits, risks, and ongoing research of islet cell transplantation are explored.

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Ambulatory intravenous insulin and islet cell transplantation to treat severe type III insulin hypersensitivity in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Clinical Case Reports ◽

10.1002/ccr3.3200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2759-2762

Author(s):

Brigette Clarke ◽

Tom Loudovaris ◽

Toni Radford ◽

Chris Drogemuller ◽

Patrick Toby Coates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Islet Cell ◽

Islet Cell Transplantation ◽

Intravenous Insulin ◽

Severe Type ◽

Insulin Hypersensitivity

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Modern technologies in management of diabetes

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v13i2.16921 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 296-301

Author(s):

Anbreen Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Imran Qadir ◽

Muhammad Asif

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Islet Cell ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Islet Cell Transplantation ◽

Insulin Dependent

Diabetes is not one disease but rather is a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by an elevation of fasting blood glucose caused by a relative or absolute deficiency in insulin. The two main types of diabetes occur, type-1 is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type-2 is non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In type-1 body does not produce insulin and about 10% of all diabetic patients are affected. In type-2 diabetes imbalance of insulin and glucose occur and there are about 90% cases for type-2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is also a type of diabetes and it is found mostly in women’s who are pregnant later such women’s are affected with type-2 diabetes and about 40% cases are studied. Different countries are affected at high level from diabetes. For the treatment of diabetes different techniques like insulin injection, oral vaccination, pancreas transplantation, transplantation of encapsulated islet cells, gene therapy technique and islet cell transplantation are used. All techniques have some advantages and disadvantages, but the encapsulated islet cell transplantation technique is promising with minimum complications.

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Islet cell transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy ◽

10.1517/14712598.1.1.109 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 109-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

William F Kendall ◽

Bradley H Collins ◽

Emmanuel C Opara

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Islet Cell ◽

Islet Cell Transplantation ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

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Evaluation of Metabolic Control Using a Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring System in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who Achieved Insulin Independence after Islet Cell Transplantation

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/000000005783983214 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (2-3) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Milene C. Geiger ◽

Jacqueline V. Ferreira ◽

Muhammad M. Hafiz ◽

Tatiana Froud ◽

David A. Baidal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Islet Cell ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Islet Cell Transplantation

This study evaluated the Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who underwent successful islet cell transplantation (ICT). The results are compared to standardized self-monitoring (SMBG) of hyperglycemia and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). We studied 19 patients (mean age 40.0 ± 6.7 years) in three groups: six patients post-ICT, seven patients awaiting ICT, and six normal volunteers (controls). Continuous glucose monitoring post-ICT showed remarkable glucose stability compared with patients awaiting ICT. The CGMS group showed modestly higher glucoses (mean 111.5 mg/dl) compared with controls (88 mg/dl). Postprandial glucoses in ICT recipients rarely exceeded 180 mg/dl and were similar to controls. There was no difference in asymptomatic hypoglycemia between control and post-ICT groups. However, a higher incidence of hypoglycemia was observed in patients awaiting ICT. HbA1c and MAGE pre- and post-ICT were 8.3 ± 0.9% and 6 ± 0.3% (p < 0.001) and 109 ± 34 and 41 ± 11 (p < 0.001), respectively. No complications were associated with CGMS. This study suggests ICT significantly improves metabolic control and rate of hypoglycemia when compared with controls and patients awaiting ICT. Similar improvement in metabolic control was observed with SMBG, HbA1c, and MAGE. Although CGMS was not demonstrated to be a superior tool for routine assessment in ICT, it is very helpful in special clinical situations.

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