scholarly journals Hybrid Rice in Africa: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oppong Abebrese ◽  
Alex Yeboah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Conducive Environment

Hybrid rice varieties exploit the phenomenon of heterosis to out-yield their inbred counterpart to increase productivity per unit area. Unlike inbred rice varieties whose seeds could be used for replanting season after season, farmers will have to purchase seeds of hybrids every season to obtain the expected yield and other quality attributes. While the hybrid system is a disadvantage to farmers in terms of mandatory seed purchase, it serves as a motivation and opportunity for private seed companies to recoup their investment and therefore encourages their involvement in seed production research and development. Hybrid rice technology originated from China and is well commercialized in Asia and the Americas. Africa is among the few places where hybrid rice is still not fully commercialized. Besides Egypt, many African countries have just begun to exploit the benefits of hybrid rice technology. A number of introduced hybrids have exhibited a 15–20% yield advantage over the available top inbred varieties. Most African countries also have a conducive environment for viable hybrid rice seed production. Besides other pertinent challenges, some which can be addressed technically, there should be a recommended production package that will give farmers the best of yield to enable hybrid rice contribute to attaining rice self-sufficiency in Africa.

scholarly journals Exploring Natural Allelic Variations of the β-Triketone Herbicide Resistance Gene HIS1 for Application in indica Rice and Particularly in Two-Line Hybrid Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Lv ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Dingyang Yuan ◽  
Zhiyuan Huang ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variations ◽  
Fertility Restorers

Abstract Background Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, as some important indica rice varieties are susceptible to BBC, BBC is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice cultivation areas. Results By analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 in addition to the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of fertility restorers, and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in the sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential effectiveness of using bTHs to address the issue of two-line hybrid rice seed purity stemming from the self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice. Conclusions Our findings offer guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas and provide a non-transgenic approach to address the seed purity issue of two-line hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Exploring natural allelic variations of the β-triketone herbicide resistance gene HIS1 for application in indica rice and particularly in two-line hybrid rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Lv ◽  
xiuli zhang ◽  
dingyang yuan ◽  
zhiyuan Huang ◽  
rui peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Allelic Variations

Abstract Background Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, because BBC is not safe for some important indica rice varieties, it is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice areas. Results In this study, by analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 besides the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of restorers and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential of effectively using bTHs to solve the problem of two-line hybrid rice seed purity due to self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice. Conclusions Our findings provide guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas, and provide a non-transgenic approach to solve the problem of seed purity of two-line hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Exploring natural allelic variations of the β-triketone herbicide resistance gene HIS1 for application in indica rice and particularly in two-line hybrid rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Lv ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Dingyang Yuan ◽  
Zhiyuan Huang ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variations ◽  
Fertility Restorers

Abstract Background: Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, as some important indica rice varieties are susceptible to BBC, BBC is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice cultivation areas.Results: By analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 in addition to the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of fertility restorers, and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in the sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential effectiveness of using bTHs to address the issue of two-line hybrid rice seed purity stemming from the self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice.Conclusions: Our findings offer guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas and provide a non-transgenic approach to address the seed purity issue of two-line hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Exploring natural allelic variations of the β-triketone herbicide resistance gene HIS1 for application in indica rice and particularly in two-line hybrid rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Lv ◽  
xiuli zhang ◽  
dingyang yuan ◽  
zhiyuan Huang ◽  
rui peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variations ◽  
Fertility Restorers

Abstract Background: Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, as some important indica rice varieties are susceptible to BBC, BBC is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice cultivation areas.Results: By analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 in addition to the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of fertility restorers, and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in the sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential effectiveness of using bTHs to address the issue of two-line hybrid rice seed purity stemming from the self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice.Conclusions: Our findings offer guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas and provide a non-transgenic approach to address the seed purity issue of two-line hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Exploring natural allelic variations of the β-triketone herbicide resistance gene HIS1 for application in indica rice and particularly in two-line hybrid rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Lv ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Dingyang Yuan ◽  
Zhiyuan Huang ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Allelic Variations

Abstract Background: Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, as some important indica rice varieties are susceptible to BBC, BBC is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice cultivation areas.Results: By analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 in addition to the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of restorers, and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in the sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential effectiveness of using bTHs to address the issue of two-line hybrid rice seed purity stemming from the self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice.Conclusions: Our findings offer guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas and provide a non-transgenic approach to address the seed purity issue of two-line hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Hybrid rice development in Indonesia: constraints and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Satoto ◽  
Yuni Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Seed Grower

This paper reviews the constraints and opportunities of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. Indonesia has released more than a hundred hybrid rice varieties; Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) developed 21 varieties. Extensive trials were conducted on the various aspects of seed production by government sectors and private companies. Significant progress has been made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha. Various problems should be considered to develop a good seed production system. The constraints are the low outcrossing rate, shortage of suitable land, high cost and labor, lack of trained personnel, climatic fluctuations in rainfall and temperature, and limited hybrid rice seed grower. Private sectors investment in hybrid rice has been increased. Positive support from government and private companies will boost hybrid rice’s adoption rapidity. Collaboration of hybrid rice dissemination across institutions was a meaningful way to encourage hybrid rice adoption. Optimizing seed production technologies could significantly increase the present level of hybrid seed yield. The opportunities are an increase of rice demand, various materials genetic, distribution of rice ecosystem, and public-private sector partnership that developed on hybrid seed production to accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice. It supports not only the research and development but also the dissemination and adoption.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

scholarly journals A method for mechanized hybrid rice seed production using female sterile rice

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Xia ◽  
Ning Tang ◽  
Yuanyi Hu ◽  
Ding Li ◽  
Shuangcheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Seed

scholarly journals Fine-Tuning of Eui1: Breaking the Bottleneck in Hybrid Rice Seed Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Chengcai Chu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Rice Seed
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