scholarly journals Development of Bismuth-Doped Fibers (BDFs) in Optical Communication Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat M. Dakhil Alsingery ◽  
Ahmed Mudhafer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
Doped Fibers

This chapter will provide background information in the development of BDFs and their applications in optical communication systems. Herein, the main focus is briefly described previous studies on BDFs that have attracted much interest over the last two decades. This necessary information and concepts are very much relevant to understanding this book, mainly due to the doping of Bi in the studied bismuth and erbium-doped silicate fibers (BEDFs). The remaining chapter is consisting of the following sections: Sec.2: General introduction about optical fibers. Sec. 3 discusses the general spectral characteristics of BDFs. Sec.4: Including the active centers (namely the bismuth (Bi) active centers (BACs)) responsible for the spectral properties in Bi-doped fibers. Sec.4 Discusses the Bismuth Doped Fiber Amplifier (BDFA).

scholarly journals A tutorial on fiber Kerr nonlinearity effect and its compensation in optical communication systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
Kerr Nonlinearity ◽  
Nonlinearity Compensation ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
Nonlinearity Effect

Abstract The advent of silica-based low-cost standard single-mode fibers revolutionized the whole communication industry. The deployment of optical fibers in the networks induces a paradigm shift in the communication technologies used for long-haul information transfer. However, the communication using the optical fibers is affected by several linear and nonlinear effects. The most common linear effects are attenuation and chromatic dispersion, whereas the dominant nonlinear effect is the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect induces a power-dependent nonlinear distortion for the signal propagating in the optical fiber. The detrimental effects of the Kerr nonlinearity limit the capacity of long-haul optical communication systems. Fiber Kerr nonlinearity compensation using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques has been well investigated over several years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial, including the fundamental mathematical analysis, on the characteristics of the optical fiber channel, the origin of the Kerr nonlinearity effect, the theory of the pulse propagation in the optical fiber, and the numerical and analytical tools for solving the pulse propagation equation. In addition, we provide a concise review of various DSP techniques for fiber nonlinearity compensation, such as digital back-propagation, Volterra series-based nonlinearity equalization, perturbation theory-based nonlinearity compensation, and phase conjugation. We also carry out numerical simulation and the complexity evaluation of the selected nonlinearity compensation techniques.

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