scholarly journals Integrated Role of Nanotechnology and Pharmacogenetics in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Chawla ◽  
Varsha Rani ◽  
Mohini Mishra ◽  
Krishan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Drug Receptor ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Receptor Interaction

“One size fits all” is an erroneous paradigm in drug delivery, due to side effects/adverse effects and variability observed in drug response. The variability is a result of geneotypic variations (variability in genomic constitution) which is studied in the branch of science called Pharmacogenomics. The variability in drug response is studied by multigene analysis or profiling of whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and is recorded in terms of the pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) and pharmacodynamic (drug-receptor interaction, immune response, etc.) response of the drug. Therefore, a foray into this research area can provide valuable information for designing of drug therapies, identifying disease etiology, therapeutic targets and biomarkers for application in treatment and diagnosis of diseases. Lately, with the integration of pharmacogenomics and nanotechnology, a new facade for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has opened up, and the prescription pattern of drugs has moved to pharmacotyping (individualized dose and dosage-form adjusted therapy) using nanoplatforms like nanobioconjugates, nanotheranostics, etc.

scholarly journals Computer-Controlled Muscle Paralysis with Atracurium in the Sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Lampard ◽  
W. A. Brown ◽  
N. M. Cass ◽  
K. C. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Integrated Electromyogram ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Drug Receptor ◽  
Drug Receptor Interaction

Paralysis was maintained in sheep by computer-controlled infusion of atracurium, using the integrated electromyogram as a measure of neuromuscular transmission. A number of experiments were conducted to ascertain the average infusion rate required to achieve a given level of paralysis for one hour. Each experiment yielded a point on a plot of paralysis versus infusion rate. A dose-response curve based upon a simple model of drug receptor interaction at the neuromuscular junction was fitted to the experimental points by least squares and is able to provide a useful explanation of clinically observed behaviour. The recovery time was also measured in each experiment and plotted against both prior level of paralysis and prior average infusion rate.

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