Effect of Core Stability Training Monitored by Rehabilitative Ultrasound Image and Surface Electromyogram in Local Core Muscles of Healthy People

Background. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of transverses abdominis and lumbar multifidus thickness activation and electromyogram signal characteristics after core stability training monitored by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging and surface electromyogram. Methods. 60 healthy volunteers were allocated randomly into two groups, one of which received monitoring training and the other participated identical training without monitoring. Ultrasound image and surface electromyogram signal were collected at 0, 4, and 8 weeks during training. The muscle thickness activation ratio value and integrated electromyogram value were then extracted. During the training, the monitoring group was monitored by real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging and surface electromyogram while the control group was not. Results. There are no differences in performance of local core muscles between both groups before training (p>0.05). Compared with the control group, the thickness contraction ratio value and integrated electromyogram value of core muscles in the monitoring group were higher after 8 weeks’ training (p<0.05). Conclusion. Together, the core stability training monitored by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging and surface electromyogram can markedly activate and enhance local core muscles in healthy people, providing a potential strategy to treat low back pain more effectively.

Surface Electromyography Analysis of the Lower Extremities of Subjects Participating in Baduanjin Exercises

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of practicing Baduanjin exercises on the lower extremities of subjects using electromyography analysis. Subjects. 110 healthy adults were randomly assigned as subjects to two groups: SG group who received sixteen weeks of Baduanjin training and CG group who received no training. Methods. The methods used in this study included the use of a sixteen-channel sEMG system to record and measure activity changes in vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. Results. After 16 weeks of Baduanjin training, the results of this study showed that the SG group had significant increases in RMS (root mean square) (in vastus lateralis, p > 0.05; in vastus medialis, p < 0.05), in AEMG (average electromyographic activity) (in vastus lateralis, p > 0.05; in vastus medialis, p < 0.05), and in IEMG (integrated electromyogram) (in vastus lateralis, p > 0.05; in vastus medialis, p < 0.05). No adverse events from treatment were reported during the whole period of this study. Conclusion. This study concludes that performing 16 weeks of Baduanjin training can significantly improve strength and the physical function of the lower extremities among healthy adults.

Face-Referenced Measurement of Perioral Stiffness and Speech Kinematics in Parkinson's Disease

Purpose Perioral biomechanics, labial kinematics, and associated electromyographic signals were sampled and characterized in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) as a function of medication state. Method Passive perioral stiffness was sampled using the OroSTIFF system in 10 individuals with PD in a medication ON and a medication OFF state and compared to 10 matched controls. Perioral stiffness, derived as the quotient of resultant force and interoral angle span, was modeled with regression techniques. Labial movement amplitudes and integrated electromyograms from select lip muscles were evaluated during syllable production using a 4-D computerized motion capture system. Results Multilevel regression modeling showed greater perioral stiffness in patients with PD, consistent with the clinical correlate of rigidity. In the medication-OFF state, individuals with PD manifested greater integrated electromyogram levels for the orbicularis oris inferior compared to controls, which increased further after consumption of levodopa. Conclusions This study illustrates the application of biomechanical, electrophysiological, and kinematic methods to better understand the pathophysiology of speech motor control in PD.

Role(s) of nucleoli and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and/or HSP27 in the regulation of muscle mass

Effects of 14 days of hindlimb unloading or synergist ablation-related overloading with or without deafferentation on the fiber cross-sectional area, myonuclear number, size, and domain, the number of nucleoli in a single myonucleus, and the levels in the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) were studied in rat soleus. Hypertrophy of fibers (+24%), associated with increased nucleolar number (from 1–2 to 3–5) within a myonucleus and myonuclear domain (+27%) compared with the preexperimental level, was induced by synergist ablation. Such phenomena were associated with increased levels of phosphorylated S6 (+84%) and HSP27 (+28%). Fiber atrophy (−52%), associated with decreased number (−31%) and domain size (−28%) of myonuclei and phosphorylation of S6 (−98%) and HSP27 (−63%), and with increased myonuclear size (+19%) and ubiquitination of myosin heavy chain (+33%, P > 0.05), was observed after unloading, which inhibited the mechanical load. Responses to deafferentation, which inhibited electromyogram level (−47%), were basically similar to those caused by hindlimb unloading, although the magnitudes were minor. The deafferentation-related responses were prevented and nucleolar number was even increased (+18%) by addition of synergist ablation, even though the integrated electromyogram level was still 30% less than controls. It is suggested that the load-dependent maintenance or upregulation of the nucleolar number and/or phosphorylation of S6 and HSP27 plays the important role(s) in the regulation of muscle mass. It was also indicated that such regulation was not necessarily associated with the neural activity.