A Comparison of Policy Analysis of Palliative Care for Cancer in UK, Malaysia, and South Africa

The emergence and usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) by states, institutions and individuals has challenged and created a shift in the normative idea of privacy from rights to solitude. Consequently, this chapter sought to ascertain if emerging democracies and economies such as South Africa and Nigeria have privacy frameworks that adequately guarantee and protect the privacy of their citizens in this globalized era. Using policy analysis, this chapter argues that although the privacy provisions in South Africa are comprehensive, the privacy framework fails to address the privacy leak associated with the usage of these ICTs. Whereas, in Nigeria, it was observed that the privacy framework is inadequate as there are no specific privacy provisions, thus the assertion that Nigerians have no privacy in this globalized era of connectivity.

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Multi-Sectoral Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Framework for Analysis

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.1177/0020731418774203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 371-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saliyou Sanni ◽

Jennifer P. Wisdom ◽

Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf ◽

Charles Hongoro

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Policy ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Control Policy ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Tobacco Control Policy ◽

Health Policy Analysis ◽

Sectoral Approach

Conceptual frameworks for health policy analysis guide investigations into interactions between institutions, interests, and ideas to identify how to improve policy decisions and outcomes. This review assessed constructs from current frameworks and theories of health policy analysis to (1) develop a preliminary synthesis of findings from selected frameworks and theories; (2) analyze relationships between elements of those frameworks and theories to construct an overarching framework for health policy analysis; and then, (3) apply that overarching framework to analyze tobacco control policies in Togo and in South Africa. This Comprehensive Framework for Multi-Sectoral Approach to Health Policy Analysis has 4 main constructs: context, content, stakeholders, and strategies. When applied to analyze tobacco control policy processes in Togo and in South Africa, it identified a shared goal in both countries to have a policy content that is compliant with the provisions of international tobacco treaties and differences in strategic interactions between institutions (e.g., tobacco industry, government structures) and in the political context of tobacco control policy process. These findings highlight the need for context-specific political mapping identifying the interests of all stakeholders and strategies for interaction between health and other sectors when planning policy formulation or implementation.

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Qualitative situational analysis of palliative care for adolescents with cancer and HIV in South Africa: healthcare worker perceptions

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e023225

Author(s):

Nothando Ngwenya ◽

Julia Ambler ◽

Moherndran Archary

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Service Provision ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Situational Analysis ◽

Care Pathways ◽

Main Task ◽

Process Mapping ◽

Care Needs ◽

Health And Social Care

ObjectivesThe unmet palliative care need is intensified in resource-limited countries where there is inequitable access to healthcare and adolescents and young adults (AYA) fall between the cracks of paediatric and adult services. We aimed to examine palliative care for AYA with cancer and/or HIV in South Africa.DesignIndividual and small group interviews using process mapping.SettingData were collected between November 2016 and March 2017 with staff from government hospitals, hospices and clinics from three provinces of South Africa.ParticipantsHealth and social care professionals (n=30) (eg, physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists) from KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape and Gauteng provinces.MethodsIn this qualitative situational analysis study, participants were recruited to interviews and process mapping used to try and identify palliative care pathways of AYA with palliative care needs. We developed a thematic framework using a deductive approach to analyse the interview data.ResultsPalliative care pathways were not easily identifiable, ambiguous and varied and participants reported on their experiences and perceptions of service provision. Participants expressed that resource challenges limited the service provision. A need for nurse prescribing of pain relief at community level was mentioned as AYA are reluctant to use hospitals and clinics. Lack of (1) palliative care education among professionals, (2) public awareness and (3) adolescent-specific care posed a challenge to service provision.ConclusionsThe changing burden of HIV and increase in cancer prevalence calls for integration of palliative care in mainstream health services. Despite good policies, the pragmatic aspect of training professionals will influence a change in practice. The main task will be to absorb palliative care philosophy and practice at all levels of care to avoid overburdening the care system and to integrate it in community care programmes.

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