Ecclesiastical History

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayr-Harting Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medieval Political Theory ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines the study of ecclesiastical history in Great Britain. It explains that the various departments of ecclesiastical history have tended to be under the umbrella of Theology rather than of History and that in Anglican terms the subject has tended to mean Early Church, Reformation and Nineteenth Century. Medieval ecclesiastical history, therefore, has no established position. Some of the most notable British works on medieval ecclesiastical history include Medieval Political Theory in the West by A.J. Carlyle and Westminster Abbey and Its Estates in the Middle Ages by Barbara Harvey.

scholarly journals XI.—On an Ebony Pax bearing the Legend of St. Veronica

Archaeologia ◽  
1881 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
George Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
The West ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Public Worship

In the early Church the kiss of peace, the simplest of all symbolisms, was a holy ceremony in public worship reverently kept up. Its use lingered on to the Middle Ages. In the twelfth century, when the separation of the sexes began to fall away, the custom came in of the priest kissing a carved ornament instead of his brother-minister, and this in its turn was saluted by the whole congregation. This substitute of any material, costly or simple, even of wood or glass, and generally small in size, after use was returned to the altar. In the West it bore many names—the Pax, Osculatorium, Deosculatorium Pacis, Osculare, Tabula Pacis, Asser ad Pacem, Paxillum, Paxilla, Porte-Paix, Porte-pax, Pax-brede, Pakys-bred, Pax-bord, and so on.

The Making of the Neutrality Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Frei
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Middle Ages

Chapter 2 examines the development of the concept of neutrality from the Middle Ages to the golden age of neutrality in the nineteenth century, and shows how Great Britain adopted a policy of neutrality after 1856. The chapter discusses Great Britain’s experience of the American Civil War as a neutral, and examines various instances of international conflict such as the Alexandra case, where Great Britain was accused of breaching neutrality. The negotiations of the Alabama claims tribunal resulted not only in the Treaty of Washington, which outlined neutrality more precisely, but also prompted a change in British domestic legislation, in particular the Foreign Enlistment Act. Both the treaty and the act defined Great Britain’s neutrality policy after 1870.

Inuit-European Interactions in Greenland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christian Gulløv
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
The Middle Ages

In every century since the Middle Ages there have been Europeans in Greenland. Medieval Norse farmers settled in the southwestern part of the country and met with Native Greenlanders from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. From the sixteenth century onward, English and Danish explorers, followed by primarily Dutch whalers, met the Inuit on the west coast of Greenland. In 1721, Greenland was colonized from the double monarchy Denmark-Norway. During the eighteenth century, permanent settlements were established throughout west Greenland, and in the nineteenth century contacts were established with the Inuit on the east coast and in the Thule area.

Muslim Contributions to the History of Religions

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Ghulam-Haider Aasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Spain ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Middle Ages

History of Religions in the WestA universal, comparative history of the study of religions is still far frombeing written. Indeed, such a history is even hr from being conceived, becauseits components among the legacies of non-Western scholars have hardly beendiscovered. One such component, perhaps the most significant one, is thecontributions made by Muslim scholars during the Middle Ages to thisdiscipline. What is generally known and what has been documented in thisfield consists entirely of the contribution of Westdm scholars of religion.Even these Western scholars belong to the post-Enlightenment era of Wsternhistory.There is little work dealing with the history of religions which does notclaim the middle of the nineteenth century CE as the beginning of thisdiscipline. This may not be due only to the zeitgeist of the modem Wstthat entails aversion, downgrading, and undermining of everything stemmingfrom the Middie Ages; its justification may also be found in the intellectualpoverty of the Christian West (Muslim Spain excluded) that spans that historicalperiod.Although most works dealing with this field include some incidentalreferences, paragraphs, pages, or short chapters on the contribution of thepast, according to each author’s estimation, all of these studies are categorizedunder one of the two approaches to religion: philosophical or cubic. All ofthe reflective, speculative, philosophical, psychological, historical, andethnological theories of the Greeks about the nature of the gods and goddessesand their origins, about the nature of humanity’s religion, its mison dsttre,and its function in society are described as philosophical quests for truth.It is maintained that the Greeks’ contribution to the study of religion showedtheir openness of mind and their curiosity about other religions and cultures ...

Visions of Kinship in Medieval Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
High Middle Ages ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Late Roman

What meaning did human kinship possess in a world regulated by biblical time, committed to the primacy of spiritual relationships, and bound by the sinews of divine love? In the process of exploring that question, this book offers a searching re-examination of kinship in Europe between late Roman times and the high Middle Ages, the period bridging Europe’s primitive past and its modern present. It critiques the modernist and Western bio-genealogical and functionalist assumptions that have shaped kinship studies since their inception in the nineteenth century, when biblical time collapsed and kinship became a signifier of the essential secularity of history and a method for conceptualizing a deeper prehistory guided by autogenous human impulses. It argues that this understanding of kinship is fundamentally antagonistic to medieval sentiments and is responsible for the frustrations researchers have encountered as they have tried to identify the famously elusive kin groups of medieval Europe. It delineates an alternative ethnographic approach inspired by recent anthropological work that privileges indigenous expressions of kinship and the interpretive potential of native ontologies. The book reveals that kinship in the Middle Ages was not biological, primitive, or a regulator of social mechanisms; nor is it traceable by bio-genealogical connections. In the Middle Ages kinship signified a sociality that flowed from convictions about the divine source of all things and wove together families, institutions, and divinities into an expansive eschatological vision animated by “the most righteous principle of love.”

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