Kalas and Kurgans: Some Considerations on Late Iron Age Pastoralism within the Central Asian Oasis of Chorasmia

Excavation in Area 1 identified an enclosed settlement of Middle–Late Iron Age and Early Roman date, which included a roundhouse gully and deep storage pits with complex fills. A group of undated four-post structures, situated in the east of Area 1, appeared to represent a specialised area of storage or crop processing of probable Middle Iron Age date. A sequence of re-cutting and reorganisation of ditches and boundaries in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period was followed, possibly after a considerable hiatus, by a phase of later Roman activity, Late Iron Age reorganisation appeared to be associated with the abandonment of a roundhouse, and a number of structured pit deposits may also relate to this period of change. Seven Late Iron Age cremation burials were associated with a contemporary boundary ditch which crossed Area 1. Two partly-exposed, L-shaped ditches may represent a later Roman phase of enclosed settlement and a slight shift in settlement focus. An isolated inhumation burial within the northern margins of Area 1 was tentatively dated by grave goods to the Early Saxon period.<br/> Area 2 contained a possible trackway and field boundary ditches, of which one was of confirmed Late Iron Age/Early Roman date. A short posthole alignment in Area 2 was undated, and may be an earlier prehistoric feature.

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Middle and Late Iron Age Occupation at Cadnam Farm, Alton, Hampshire

Hampshire Studies ◽

10.24202/hs2018004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 110-136

Author(s):

Oliver Good ◽

Richard Massey

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

The South ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

South West ◽

Middle Iron Age

Three individual areas, totalling 0.55ha, were excavated at the Cadnam Farm site, following evaluation. Area 1 contained a D-shaped enclosure of Middle Iron Age date, associated with the remains of a roundhouse, and a ditched drove-way. Other features included refuse pits, a four-post structure and a small post-built structure of circular plan. Area 2 contained the superimposed foundation gullies of two Middle Iron Age roundhouses, adjacent to a probable third example. Area 3 contained a small number of Middle Iron Age pits, together with undated, post-built structures of probable Middle Iron Age date, including a roundhouse and four and six-post structures. Two large boundary ditches extended from the south-west corner of Area 3, and were interpreted as the funnelled entrance of a drove-way. These contained both domestic and industrial refuse of the late Iron Age date in their fills.

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A Late Iron Age farmstead in the Outer Hebrides

10.2307/j.ctvh1dmrf ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Outer Hebrides

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X-ray microscopy reveals the outstanding craftsmanship of Siberian Iron Age textile dyers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84747-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Späth ◽

Markus Meyer ◽

Thomas Huthwelker ◽

Camelia N. Borca ◽

Karl Meßlinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Textile Production ◽

X Ray ◽

Organic Pigments ◽

Central Asian ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Pigment Distribution

AbstractThe excellent craftsmanship of ancient Oriental and Central Asian textile dyers is already demonstrated in the remarkable brilliance and fastness of the colours of the so-called Pazyryk carpet, the by far oldest pile carpet found to date. This specimen resembles the advanced craftsmanship of Iron Age Central Asian textile production. We have employed synchrotron-based µ-XRF imaging to detect the distribution of metal organic pigments within individual fibres of the Pazyryk carpet (about 2500 years old) and compare the results to wool fibres, which we prepared according to traditional Anatolian dyeing recipes. We observe congruent pigment distribution within specimens from the Pazyryk carpet and natural wool fibres that we have fermented prior to dyeing. Therefore, we conclude that the superior fermentation technique has been utilized about 2000 years earlier than known so far.

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Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abe4414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (13) ◽

pp. eabe4414

Author(s):

Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone ◽

Elmira Khussainova ◽

Nurzhibek Kahbatkyzy ◽

Lyazzat Musralina ◽

Maria A. Spyrou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Social Rules ◽

Eurasian Steppe ◽

Central Asian ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genome Wide Data ◽

History Of ◽

First Millennium

The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.

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Survival after trepanation—Early cranial surgery from Late Iron Age Switzerland

International Journal of Paleopathology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.08.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 56-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Negahnaz Moghaddam ◽

Simone Mailler-Burch ◽

Levent Kara ◽

Fabian Kanz ◽

Christian Jackowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Cranial Surgery ◽

Late Iron Age

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The Romano-British Shrines at Brigstock, Northants

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500051994 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 228-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ernest Greenfield

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Fourth Century ◽

Third Century ◽

The Third ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Polygonal Shape

SummaryTwo shrines of circular and polygonal shape, probably part of a larger group, were erected early in the second half of the third century A.D., and occupied until late in the fourth century. The shrines occur in an area of widespread settlement dating from the late Iron Age until the end of the fourth century. Many objects of bronze and iron of ritual significance, together with a large number of votive deposits and coins, were recovered from the circular shrine. Miss M. V. Taylor's discussion of the principal objects appears on pp. 264–8.

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