Purposeful Questioning with High Cognitive–Demand Tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-459
Author(s):  
Allyson Hallman-Thrasher ◽  
Denise A. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
High Cognitive Demand ◽  
Support Students

We share ideas for preparing for and enacting high-cognitive demand tasks in ways that support students in articulating and justifying their ideas. We offer strategies for developing and posing several types of purposeful questions: (1) eliciting thinking, (2) generating ideas, (3) clarifying explanations, and (4) justifying claims.

Aerobic and Cognitive Exercise (ACE) Pilot Study for Older Adults: Executive Function Improves with Cognitive Challenge While Exergaming

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Barcelos ◽  
Nikita Shah ◽  
Katherine Cohen ◽  
Michael J. Hogan ◽  
Eamon Mulkerrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Challenge ◽  
Cognitive Benefit ◽  
High Cognitive Demand

AbstractDementia cases are increasing worldwide; thus, investigators seek to identify interventions that might prevent or ameliorate cognitive decline in later life. Extensive research confirms the benefits of physical exercise for brain health, yet only a fraction of older adults exercise regularly. Interactive mental and physical exercise, as in aerobic exergaming, not only motivates, but has also been found to yield cognitive benefit above and beyond traditional exercise. This pilot study sought to investigate whether greater cognitive challenge while exergaming would yield differential outcomes in executive function and generalize to everyday functioning. Sixty-four community based older adults (mean age=82) were randomly assigned to pedal a stationary bike, while interactively engaging on-screen with: (1) a low cognitive demand task (bike tour), or (2) a high cognitive demand task (video game). Executive function (indices from Trails, Stroop and Digit Span) was assessed before and after a single-bout and 3-month exercise intervention. Significant group × time interactions were found after a single-bout (Color Trails) and after 3 months of exergaming (Stroop; among 20 adherents). Those in the high cognitive demand group performed better than those in the low cognitive dose condition. Everyday function improved across both exercise conditions. Pilot data indicate that for older adults, cognitive benefit while exergaming increased concomitantly with higher doses of interactive mental challenge. (JINS, 2015,21, 768–779)

Impairment in instrumental activities of daily living with high cognitive demand is an early marker of mild cognitive impairment: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2437-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reppermund ◽  
H. Brodaty ◽  
J. D. Crawford ◽  
N. A. Kochan ◽  
B. Draper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
High Cognitive Demand

BackgroundCriteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consider impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as exclusionary, but cross-sectional studies suggest that some high-level functional deficits are present in MCI. This longitudinal study examines informant-rated IADL in MCI, compared with cognitively normal (CN) older individuals, and explores whether functional abilities, particularly those with high cognitive demand, are predictors of MCI and dementia over a 2-year period in individuals who were CN at baseline.MethodA sample of 602 non-demented community dwelling individuals (375 CN and 227 with MCI) aged 70–90 years underwent baseline and 24-month assessments that included cognitive and medical assessments and an interview with a knowledgeable informant on functional abilities with the Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale.ResultsSignificantly more deficits in informant-reported IADL with high cognitive demand were present in MCI compared with CN individuals at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Functional ability in CN individuals at baseline, particularly in activities with high cognitive demand, predicted MCI and dementia at follow-up. Difficulties with highly cognitively demanding activities specifically predicted amnestic MCI but not non-amnestic MCI whereas those with low cognitive demand did not predict MCI or dementia. Age, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors and the sex of the informant did not contribute to the prediction.ConclusionsIADL are affected in individuals with MCI, and IADL with a high cognitive demand show impairment predating the diagnosis of MCI. Subtle cognitive impairment is therefore likely to be a major hidden burden in society.

Mathematics Teachers' Perspectives on Professional Development Around Implementing High Cognitive Demand Tasks

2017 ◽  
pp. 538-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber G. Candela
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Teachers Perspectives ◽  
High Cognitive Demand

This chapter will provide readers with an overview of a professional development created and enacted to support teachers' implementation of high cognitive demand tasks (Smith & Stein, 2011). This multiple case study seeks to give voice to the three seventh grade mathematics teachers who participated in the professional development as they share their perspectives on what factors affected their implementation of high cognitive demand tasks. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the structure of the professional development, share the aspects of the professional development the teachers identified as supportive when planning and implementing high cognitive demand tasks in their mathematics classrooms, and discuss ideas for future professional development aimed at providing teachers with instructional practices to incorporate into classrooms.

scholarly journals The Mouse Claustrum Is Required for Optimal Behavioral Performance Under High Cognitive Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. White ◽  
Chaoqi Mu ◽  
Houman Qadir ◽  
Maxwell B. Madden ◽  
Hongkui Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
High Cognitive Demand

scholarly journals High cognitive demand tasks may detect mild alterations in executive functions in American football players: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Carrillo-Mora ◽  
Vania Aldrete-Cortez ◽  
Jorge A. Guzmán-Cortés ◽  
Guadalupe García-de la Torre ◽  
Laura Tirado-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High Cognitive Demand

scholarly journals Attentional brain rhythms during prolonged cognitive activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentin Gaillard ◽  
Carine De Sousa ◽  
Julian Amengual ◽  
Célia Loriette ◽  
Camilla Ziane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Assistive Systems ◽  
High Cognitive Demand ◽  
Slow Rhythm ◽  
Field Coherence

As routine and lower demand cognitive tasks are taken over by automated assistive systems, human operators are increasingly required to sustain cognitive demand over long periods of time. This has been reported to have long term adverse effects on cardiovascular and mental health. However, it remains unclear whether prolonged cognitive activity results in a monotonic decrease in the efficiency of the recruited brain processes, or whether the brain is able to sustain functions over time spans of one hour and more. Here, we show that during working sessions of one hour or more, contrary to the prediction of a monotonic decline, behavioral performance in both humans and non-human primates consistently fluctuates between periods of optimal and suboptimal performance at a very slow rhythm of circa 5 cycles per hour. These fluctuations are observed in both high attentional (in non-human primates) and low attentional (in humans) demand conditions. They coincide with fluctuations in pupil diameter, indicating underlying changes in arousal and information-processing load. Accordingly, we show that these rhythmic behavioral fluctuations correlate, at the neurophysiological level, with fluctuations in the informational attention orientation and perception processing capacity of prefrontal neuronal populations. We further identify specific markers of these fluctuations in LFP power, LFP coherence and spike-field coherence, pointing towards long-range rhythmic modulatory inputs to the prefrontal cortex rather than a local prefrontal origin. These results shed light on the resilience of brain mechanisms to sustained effort and have direct implications on how to optimize high cognitive demand working and learning environments.

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