Integrated disease management module for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem rot in Indian mustard under Gangetic Alluvial zone of West Bengal

The efficacy of chemical control of stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) relies partially on increasing deposition and residual activity in the lower canopy. Tebuconazole (0.21 kg a.i./ha, four applications) and azoxystrobin (0.31 kg a.i./ha, two applications) were each applied on peanut plants in daylight or at night, when leaves were folded, in two Tifton, GA, field trials in 2007. Both timings of each fungicide provided similar control of early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola). Night applications of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole reduced stem rot at digging and increased yield compared with day applications. Night applications of tebuconazole were also tested in Nicaragua from 2005 to 2007. Peanut plants had less stem rot, similar levels of rust (caused by Puccinia arachidis), and higher yield with night applications than with day applications. Residual activity of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole were improved on the bottom shaded leaves (on which fungicides would be better deposited with night application) compared with top, sun-exposed leaves (where most fungicide would be deposited with a day application) according to a bioassay with S. rolfsii. Increased fungicide residual activity within the bottom canopy may increase fungicide efficacy on stem rot and augment peanut yield.

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Efficacy of Antagonists on mycelium growth and carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Indian mustard

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (02) ◽

pp. 190-193

Author(s):

Jhilmil Gupta

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽

Coniothyrium Minitans ◽

Carpogenic Germination

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 4 years becomes very difficult to manage the crop from the infection of Sclerotinia rot fungus. Stem rot of indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Cross] caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentially a serious threat in many mustard growing areas in India. Treatments of seeds and foliar spray with of fungicides applied at regular intervals are effective in reducing infection, but uses of chemicals are hazardous, harmful for beneficial micro-organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens offers an exciting opportunity to manage plant diseases. In the present study, the efficacy of four bio-agents, viz., Coniothyrium minitans, Aspergilus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis were evaluated for the control of stem rot of Indian mustard. Results on bio-efficacy of different bioagents, when evaluated under glass house condition, the Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective agent and caused highest reduction (64.7 %) in carpogenic germination of sclerotia followed by Aspergilus nidulans (52.5 %) and Trichoderma harzianum (48.8 %), over control while Pseudomonas chlororaphis (48.3 %) was at par with T. harzianum. All the bioagents showed significant reduction effective in controlling the disease. Similar results were achieved when bioagents tested on dual inoculated plates.

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Mycelial Compatibility Grouping and Aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.325 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

L. S. Kull ◽

W. L. Pedersen ◽

D. Palmquist ◽

G. L. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Disease Management ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Management Systems ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

Pathogen Population ◽

Causal Organism ◽

Soybean Field ◽

Mycelial Compatibility

Population variability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal organism of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean, was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG) and isolate aggressiveness comparisons. MCG and aggressiveness of S. sclerotiorum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations (Diverse Set, 24 isolates), from a soybean field in Argentina (Argentine Set, 21 isolates), and from soybean fields in DeKalb and Watseka, Illinois (DeKalb Set, 124 isolates, and Watseka Set, 130 isolates) were assessed. Among 299 isolates tested, 42 MCGs were identified, and 61% were represented by single isolates observed at single locations. Within the Diverse Set, 17 MCGs were identified; 1 MCG consisted of six isolates, and 16 MCGs consisted of one isolate each. Nine MCGs were identified within the Argentine field with two MCGs composed of either five or six isolates, two MCGs composed of two isolates, and the remaining composed of one isolate each. Each Illinois field was a mosaic of MCGs, but MCG frequencies differed between the two fields. Common MCGs were identified among the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, but no MCGs within the Argentine Set were observed with other sets. MCG 8 was the most frequently sampled and widely dispersed MCG and occurred at a frequency of 29, 36, and 62% in the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, respectively. Variation in isolate aggressiveness was assessed using a limited-term, plug inoculation technique. Isolate aggressiveness varied (P = 0.001) within the Diverse, Argentine, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets. Within widely dispersed MCGs, isolate aggressiveness varied (P ≤ 0.10); however, within locally observed MCGs detected only in single fields, isolate aggressiveness did not vary. Additionally, individual MCGs within the DeKalb and Watseka Sets differed in isolate aggressiveness. Using six soybean cultivars and six S. sclerotiorum isolates, no cultivar-isolate interaction was detected, but resistant and susceptible cultivars performed similarly when inoculated with either less or highly aggressive isolates. Pathogen population structure and variability in isolate aggressiveness may be important considerations in disease management systems.

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STUDIES ON FIELD EVALUATION OF BRASSICA GERMPLASM/VARIETIES AGAINST SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM UNDER INOCULATED CONDITION

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i1pp87-89 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

PRAMOD KUMAR FATEHPURIA ◽

RAJNI S. SASODE ◽

DEVASHISH R. CHOBE ◽

VEERENDRA GUPTA ◽

REETI SINGH

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathology ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Block Design ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Centre Of Origin ◽

Sclerotinia Blight

Indian mustard, Brassica juncea belong to Brassicaceae and Centre of origin Mideterian. Sclerotinia stem rot/ blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most important fungal diseases in rapeseed and other crops in the world. The present study was undertaken to access the forty seven germplasm/varieties to find out the resistance against S. sclerotiorum under inoculated condition. The reaction of forty-seven germplasm was evaluated in randomized complete block design with thrice replications at the experimental field, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior during Rabi season 2014-15 and laboratory work was done in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.). Observations for severity of stem rot on main stem were recorded after 120 days of sowing using 0 - 4 scale. (Assessment scale 0-4 where 0 = no disease (resistance), 1 = less than half stem girdled (moderate resistance), 2 = more than half stem girdled (susceptible), 3 = whole stem girdled (moderate susceptible), 4 = plant dead (highly suscepitble). Forty-seven germplasm/varieties were evaluated for their reaction against Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Out of forty seven germplasm / varieties, tested two Cultivar SBG-14-5 and SBG-14- 6 gave highly resistance reactions, while twenty six varieties are found resistant SBG-14-2, SBG-14-3, SBG-14-4, SBG-14-7, SBG-14-8, SBG-14-9, SBG-14-10, SBG-14-11, SBG-14-13, SBG14-15, SBG-14-17, SBG-14-18, SBG-14-23, SBG-14-27, SBG-14-28, SBG-14-30, SBG-14-31, SBG-14-32, SBG-14-33, SBG-14-34, SBG-14-35, SBG-14-36, SBG- 14-41, SBG-14-42, NDNSR-14-76, NDNSR-14-77, twelve varieties are found susceptible SBG-14-1, SBG-14-12, SBG- 14-14, SBG-14-16, SBG-14-21, SBG-14-22, SBG-14-24, SBG-14-26, SBG-14-29, SBG-14-37, SBG-14-39, SBG-14-40 and seven varieties SBG-14-19, SBG-14-20, SBG-14-25, SBG-14-38, Varuna, Rohini and BIOYSR were found highly susceptible against Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).

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