scholarly journals Politi og arkitekters forebyggingslogikker: Forståelser av kriminalitetsforebyggende arbeid i offentlige rom

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-174
Author(s):  
Marina Hiller Foshaugen
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Prevention Approach

AbstractThis article focuses on crime prevention through architecture, environmental design and other situational modifications to public space. Today’s crime control is characterized by a continuously expanding focus on prevention and the proliferation of new contributions to preventive work. In the literature, the situational crime prevention approach is an acknowledged and well-known field in which strategies have been used to reduce crime in public spaces for decades. In Norway, however, this remains an area of crime prevention with little empirical data. The current study therefore attempts to fill this gap in Norwegian research. Based on interviews with architects and police personnel, the article explores these actors interpret and understand prevention through architecture, environment and physical design. The main aim is to examine approaches to crime prevention in public spaces in regards to safety, security, risk and social control.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the rehabilitation of the housing estate with the CPTED strategy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Housing Estates

Contemporary urbanists and architects are faced with the problem of adapting degraded post-communist neighbourhoods to the current needs of their inhabitants. Most of those housing estates need rehabilitation which is understood as an aspiration for reconstruction of settlement’s range as a human-friendly environment and regain it’s lost values. A CPTED strategy could be very helpful to define guidelines for the rehabilitation. Based on Crime Prevention through Environmental Design strategy the features of space like natural surveillance, space clarity, territoriality, the feeling of responsibility for public space and management can affect it’s quality. These aspects were very useful set of criteria for the author to try to express guidelines for the rehabilitation of the housing estate in Pabianice. Methods used in the research included physical inventory of the neighbourhood and questionnaire survey among the sample of 100 inhabitants of the analysed area. Conclusions from the use of both mentioned methods are well supplementing each other and are pointing the most severe spatil and social problems in the area. This how the environment of the housing estate looks like in the eyes of it’s inhabitants and visitors were crucial while shaping guidelines for rehabilitation

Situational Crime Prevention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Freilich ◽  
Graeme R. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Criminological Theories

Situational crime prevention (SCP) is a criminological perspective that calls for expanding the crime-reduction role well beyond the justice system. SCP sees criminal law in a more restrictive sense, as only part of the anticrime effort in governance. It calls for minutely analyzing specific crime types (or problems) to uncover the situational factors that facilitate their commission. Intervention techniques are then devised to manipulate the related situational factors. In theory, this approach reduces crime by making it impossible for it to be committed no matter what the offender’s motivation or intent, deterring the offender from committing the offense, or by reducing cues that increase a person’s motivation to commit a crime during specific types of events. SCP has given rise to a retinue of methods that have been found to reduce crime at local and sometimes national or international levels. SCP’s focus is thus different than that of other criminological theories because it seeks to reduce crime opportunities rather than punish or rehabilitate offenders. SCP emerged more than 40 years ago, and its major concepts include rational choice, specificity, opportunity structure, and its 25 prevention techniques. Contrary to the common critique that SCP is atheoretical, it is actually based upon a well-developed interdisciplinary model drawing from criminology, economics, psychology, and sociology. Importantly, a growing number of empirical studies and scientific evaluations have demonstrated SCP’s effectiveness in reducing crime. Finally, the SCP approach inevitably leads to a shifting of responsibility for crime control away from police and on to those entities, public and private, most competent to reduce it.

Preventing Violence and Sexual Assault in Jail: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. La Vigne ◽  
Sara Debus-Sherrill ◽  
Diana Brazzell ◽  
P. Mitchell Downey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Prevention Approach

Defensible Space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Mawby
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Defensible Space ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Influence

While the term “defensible space” is widely referenced in literature on situational crime pre vention and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, it is commonly mentioned in passing, almost as an historical landmark, with its relationship to more recent work assumed rather than rigorously examined. Yet, Oscar Newman’s work bridged the gap between criminological theories and preventive approaches in the pre-1970s era and the more grounded and policy driven approaches that are common today. Consequently, this article looks at the context within which Newman developed his ideas and revisits his core work. It then considers the initial response from the criminology and planning communities, which focused on the methodological and theoretical weaknesses that undermined what were, essentially, a series of imaginative, exploratory propositions about the influence of design on crime patterns. In this sense, it is clear that Newman both provoked and inspired further research into the relationship between urban design and crime, and indeed, between crime, crime targets, and space, looking at the specific influence of design, technology, social engineering, and so on. Terms such as ownership, visibility, occupancy, accessibility, image, and juxtaposition, which Newman used, are now incorporated into more sophistical theories of situational crime prevention. This article thus offers a reanalysis of defensible space in the context of later refinements and the application of Newman’s ideas to current policies.

scholarly journals Crime Prevention Effect of the Second Generation Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Project in South Korea: An Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Dahee Kim ◽  
Seung-Wan Hong ◽  
Yongwook Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Resident Participation ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weak Points

In Yeomni-dong Sogeum-gil, Korea, the first generation CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) project was implemented in 2012, focusing on improving the physical environment. Later, spreading nationwide, it was developed into the second generation CPTED, emphasizing the role of resident participation and improving upon the weak points of the first project. This study makes a comparative analysis of crime reduction and diffusion before and after the second generation CPTED conducted in S-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea, using crime location data to verify the crime prevention effect. Most previous studies on Korean CPTED projects sought verification through surveys that involved subjective opinions of the researchers or participants, creating the need for verification through quantitative and objective analysis based on crime data. This follow-up research examines the effects of the first generation CPTED Project by making an objective analysis of the differences in crime prevention effects between the first and the second project. Findings revealed that the second CPTED had a positive effect in reducing the rate of burglary and violent crime. The second generation CPTED project also led to the crime control benefits of crime diffusion, in contrast to the earlier project, where crime displacement occurred.

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